Head and neck melanoma (excluding ocular melanoma): United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines

Abstract

This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the United Kingdom. This paper provides consensus recommendations on the management of melanomas arising in the skin and mucosa of the head and neck region on the basis of current evidence. Recommendations • At-risk individuals should be warned about the correlation between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancer, and should be given advice on UVR protection. (R) • Dermatoscopy can aid in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma. (R) • Histological examination after biopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis and the tumour thickness. (G) • Excisional biopsy is method of choice. (G) • Staging investigations can be performed for both regional and distant disease. (R) • Scanning (computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging) is recommended for patients with high-risk melanoma. (G) • Patients with signs or symptoms of disease relapse should be investigated by imaging. (R) • Imaging of the brain should be performed in patients who have stage IV disease. (G) • Patients with melanoma of unknown primary should be thoroughly examined and investigated for a potential primary source. (R) • Primary cutaneous invasive melanoma should be excised with a surgical margin of at least 1 cm. (G) • The maximum recommended excision margin is 3 cm. (R) • The actual margin of excision depends upon the depth of the melanoma and its anatomical site. (G) • Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy of suspected lymphadenopathy is more accurate than 'blind' biopsy. (R) • Open biopsy should only be performed if FNA or core biopsy is inadequate or equivocal. (R) • Prior to lymph node dissection, staging by CT scan should be carried out. (R) • If parotid disease is present without neck involvement, both parotidectomy and neck dissection should ideally be performed. (R) • There is no role for elective lymph node dissection. (R) • Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can be considered in stage IB and above by specialist skin cancer multidisciplinary teams. (G) • Patients should be made aware that SLNB is a staging procedure, and should understand that it has, as yet, no proven therapeutic value. (R) • All patients with cutaneous melanoma should have their original tumour checked for BRAF gene status, and their subsequent targeted biological therapy based on this. (R) • Patients who develop brain metastases should be considered for stereotactic radio-surgery. (R).