The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

Joanna V Morgan¹, Sean P S Gulick², Timothy Bralower³, Elise Chenot⁴, Gail Christeson², Philippe Claeys⁵, Charles Cockell⁶, Gareth S Collins⁷, Marco J L Coolen⁸, Ludovic Ferrière⁹, Catalina Gebhardt¹⁰, Kazuhisa Goto¹¹, Heather Jones³, David A Kring¹², Erwan Le Ber¹³, Johanna Lofi¹⁴, Xiao Long¹⁵, Christopher Lowery², Claire Mellett¹⁶, Rubén Ocampo-Torres¹⁷, Gordon R Osinski^{18

19}, Ligia Perez-Cruz²⁰, Annemarie Pickersgill²¹, Michael Poelchau²², Auriol Rae⁷, Cornelia Rasmussen²³, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra²⁴, Ulrich Riller²⁵, Honami Sato²⁶, Douglas R Schmitt²⁷, Jan Smit²⁸, Sonia Tikoo²⁹, Naotaka Tomioka³⁰, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi²⁰, Michael Whalen³¹, Axel Wittmann³², Kosei E Yamaguchi^{33

34}, William Zylberman^{18

35}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK. j.morgan@imperial.ac.uk.
² Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78758-4445, USA.
³ Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁴ Biogéosciences Laboratory, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France.
⁵ Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2,Brussels 1050, Belgium.
⁶ Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
⁷ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
⁹ Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
¹⁰ Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany.
¹¹ Tohoku University, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Aoba 468-1 E303, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
¹² Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
¹³ Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
¹⁴ Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex05, France.
¹⁵ China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), School of Earth Sciences, Planetary Science Institute, 388 Lumo Rd. Hongshan Dist., China.
¹⁶ British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK.
¹⁷ Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, L'Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
¹⁸ Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
²⁰ Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán Ciudad de México, C. P. 04510, México.
²¹ School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
²² University of Freiburg, Geology, Albertstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104, Germany.
²³ University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 115 S 1460 E (FASB), Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
²⁴ Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación, Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Cancún, Quintana Roo, C.P. 77500, México.
²⁵ Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.
²⁶ Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
²⁸ Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1018HV, Netherlands.
²⁹ Rutgers University New Brunswick, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854, USA.
³⁰ Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
³¹ Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
³² Arizona State University, LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Physical Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287-1704, USA.
³³ Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
³⁴ NASA Astrobiology Institute, USA.
³⁵ Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.

PMID: 27856906
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6561

Free article

The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

Joanna V Morgan et al. Science. 2016.

Free article

. 2016 Nov 18;354(6314):878-882.

doi: 10.1126/science.aah6561.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK. j.morgan@imperial.ac.uk.
² Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78758-4445, USA.
³ Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
⁴ Biogéosciences Laboratory, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France.
⁵ Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2,Brussels 1050, Belgium.
⁶ Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.
⁷ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
⁹ Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
¹⁰ Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre of Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany.
¹¹ Tohoku University, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Aoba 468-1 E303, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
¹² Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
¹³ Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
¹⁴ Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex05, France.
¹⁵ China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), School of Earth Sciences, Planetary Science Institute, 388 Lumo Rd. Hongshan Dist., China.
¹⁶ British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK.
¹⁷ Groupe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, L'Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
¹⁸ Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
¹⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
²⁰ Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán Ciudad de México, C. P. 04510, México.
²¹ School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
²² University of Freiburg, Geology, Albertstraße 23b, Freiburg, 79104, Germany.
²³ University of Utah, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 115 S 1460 E (FASB), Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
²⁴ Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación, Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Cancún, Quintana Roo, C.P. 77500, México.
²⁵ Institut für Geologie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, Hamburg, 20146, Germany.
²⁶ Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-city, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan.
²⁷ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
²⁸ Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1018HV, Netherlands.
²⁹ Rutgers University New Brunswick, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854, USA.
³⁰ Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.
³¹ Department of Geosciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
³² Arizona State University, LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Physical Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287-1704, USA.
³³ Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
³⁴ NASA Astrobiology Institute, USA.
³⁵ Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.

PMID: 27856906
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6561

Abstract

Large impacts provide a mechanism for resurfacing planets through mixing near-surface rocks with deeper material. Central peaks are formed from the dynamic uplift of rocks during crater formation. As crater size increases, central peaks transition to peak rings. Without samples, debate surrounds the mechanics of peak-ring formation and their depth of origin. Chicxulub is the only known impact structure on Earth with an unequivocal peak ring, but it is buried and only accessible through drilling. Expedition 364 sampled the Chicxulub peak ring, which we found was formed from uplifted, fractured, shocked, felsic basement rocks. The peak-ring rocks are cross-cut by dikes and shear zones and have an unusually low density and seismic velocity. Large impacts therefore generate vertical fluxes and increase porosity in planetary crust.

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Rock core from dinosaur-killing impact reveals how enormous craters form.
Witze A. Witze A. Nature. 2016 Nov 24;539(7630):478. doi: 10.1038/nature.2016.20994. Nature. 2016. PMID: 27882988 No abstract available.

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The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

Affiliations

The formation of peak rings in large impact craters

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Abstract

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