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Review
. 2008 Aug 25;8(8):4961-4982.
doi: 10.3390/s8084961.

Chemical Sensors Based on Cyclodextrin Derivatives

Tomoki Ogoshi  1   2 , Akira Harada  3
Affiliations
Review

Chemical Sensors Based on Cyclodextrin Derivatives

Tomoki Ogoshi et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This review focuses on chemical sensors based on cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. This has been a field of classical interest, and is now of current interest for numerous scientists. First, typical chemical sensors using chromophore appended CDs are mentioned. Various "turn-off" and "turn-on" fluorescent chemical sensors, in which fluorescence intensity was decreased or increased by complexation with guest molecules, respectively, were synthesized. Dye modified CDs and photoactive metal ion-ligand complex appended CDs, metallocyclodextrins, were also applied for chemical sensors. Furthermore, recent novel approaches to chemical sensing systems using supramolecular structures such as CD dimers, trimers and cooperative binding systems of CDs with the other macrocycle [2]rotaxane and supramolecular polymers consisting of CD units are mentioned. New chemical sensors using hybrids of CDs with p-conjugated polymers, peptides, DNA, nanocarbons and nanoparticles are also described in this review.

Keywords: Chemical Sensors; Cyclodextrins; Nanocarbons; Nanoparticles.; Supramolecules; p-Conjugated Polymer.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Structures of cyclodextrins (CDs).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
(a) Turn-off and (b) Turn-on fluorosensors.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
p-Methyl red appended β-CD chemical sensor.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
(a) Structures of DTPA (1), crown ether (2) and EDTA (3) appended CDs and (b) mechanism of absorption-energy transfer emission (AETE) process
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Structures of (a) β-CD dimer linked by biquinolino group (4), (b) 2:1 host-guest complex of alkylated β-CD and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (5) and (c) β-CD having 6-methoxy-(8-p-toluenesulfonamido)quinoline (6).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Fluorescent CD dimers and trimers
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Cooperative binding systems of hybrids of (a) γ-CD with pyrene-crown ether (11), (b) β-CD with pyrene-boronic acid (12) and (c) methylated α-CD-crown ether-azophenyl dye (13) conjugates.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Chemical structure of pyrene appended γ-CD via triamine spacer (14) and proposed sensing mechanism for HCO3- anion
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Chemical structure of [2]rotaxane with stilbene as axle, terphenylenedicarboxylic acid as bulky stopper and γ-CD as ring (15) and inclusion of guests on hydrophobic floor of stilbene.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
(a) Chemical structures of Polym-1 and Polym-2. (b) UV-Vis and (c) emission spectral changes (excited at 400 nm) of aqueous Polym-1 solutions (0.020 mM) by adding AdCA. (d) Proposed mechanism of dynamic structural changes upon addition of AdCA.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
(a) Emission spectral changes (excited at 400 nm) of aqueous Polym-1 solutions (0.020 mM) by adding viologen derivatives (0.20 mM). (b) Proposed mechanism of electron transfer from polymer backbone to viologen group.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Schematic representation for the guest-induced structural change of (a) peptide-CD-chromophore (Polym-3) and (b) DNA-CD-chromophore (Polym-4) conjugates.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Chemical structure of fullerene appended CD and fluorescence quenching by inclusion of Rhodamine B.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
(a) Py-β-CD/SWNT hydrogel with PAA2. Gel to sol transitions upon addition of (b) competitive guest, AdCNa and (c) competitive host, α-CD.
Figure 15.
Figure 15.
Formation of network aggregate of β-CD modified gold nanoparticles upon addition of ferrocene dimer
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