One-pot synthesis of magnetic, macro/mesoporous bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Magnetic and macro/mesoporous bioactive glasses were synthesized by a one-pot method via a handy salt leaching technique. It was identified to be an effective and simple synthetic strategy. The non-ionic triblock copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P123), was used as the structure directing agent for mesoporous structure but also as the reductant to reduce the iron source into magnetic iron oxide. The prepared materials exhibited excellent super-paramagnetic property with interconnected macroporous (200-300 μm) and mesoporous (3.4 nm) structure. Furthermore, their outstanding drug storage/release properties and rapid (5) induction of hydroxyapatite growth ability were investigated after immersing in simulated body fluid solution at 37 °C. Notably, the biocompatibility assessment confirmed that the materials obtained presented good biocompatibility and enhanced adherence of HeLa cells. Herein, the novel materials are expected to have potential application for bone tissue engineering.

Keywords: 10.03; 10.09; 20.03; bioactive glasses; bone tissue engineering; drug delivery; magnetic; porous.

Figure 1.

Illustration of the formation process of magnetic, macro/mesoporous bioglasses.

Figure 2.

SEM image (a) and EDS analysis (b) of MMBGs.

Figure 3.

Low-angle XRD patterns and wide-angle XRD patterns of MMBGs1 (a), MMBGs2 (b), MMBGs3 (c) and MMBGs4 (d).

Figure 4.

Magnetization curves of four samples at room temperature (a); photograph of dispersed MMBGs2 and MMBGs3 (b), (c) in water before and after being placed near an external magnet.

Figure 5.

Representative TEM image of the as-synthesized MMBGs2 and MMBGs3. (The arrows indicate the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles.)

Figure 6.

N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (a) and BJH-pore distribution (b) of MMBGs2 and MMBGs3.

Figure 7.

FTIR spectra of IBU-containing materials: MMBGs2 (a) and MMBGs3 (b).

Figure 8.

IBU cumulative release of MMBGs2 and MMBGs3 in SBF solution.

Figure 9.

SEM images of the samples: low-resolution image (a), (the inset) high-resolution image of MMBGs2, low-resolution image (b), (the inset) high-resolution image of MMBGs3, EDS patterns of MMBGs2 (c), EDS patterns of MMBGs3 (d) after soaking in SBF for 3 days.

Figure 10.

Wide-angle XRD patterns of MMBGs2 (a) and MMBGs3 (b) after soaking in SBF for 3 days. (The circle represents the Fe₃O₄ characteristic diffraction peak; the triangle represents the HAP characteristic diffraction peak.)

Figure 11.

SEM images of HeLa cells morphology onto each surface of MMBGs2 (a) and MMBGs3 (b) after culturing for 3 days.