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. 2016 Dec 1;12(6):1263-1272.
doi: 10.5114/aoms.2015.48966. Epub 2015 Apr 28.

The impact of ACE gene polymorphism on the incidence and phenotype of sarcoidosis in rural and urban settings

Robert Kieszko  1 , Paweł Krawczyk  1 , Tomasz Powrózek  1 , Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek  2 , Michał Szczyrek  3 , Iwona Homa  1 , Jadwiga Daniluk  4 , Janusz Milanowski  1
Affiliations

The impact of ACE gene polymorphism on the incidence and phenotype of sarcoidosis in rural and urban settings

Robert Kieszko et al. Arch Med Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Current theory on the etiology of this disease involves participation of genetic factors and unknown antigens present in the patients' environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of different polymorphic forms of the ACE gene in healthy individuals and sarcoidosis patients, and to estimate the risk of sarcoidosis in carriers of different ACE genotypes living in rural and urban settings.

Material and methods: The study group included 180 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Assessment of the disease was based on clinical features, laboratory and imaging examinations, as well as bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). ACE gene polymorphism was examined in DNA isolated from peripheral blood or BAL fluid (BALF) leukocytes.

Results: Incidence of sarcoidosis was not influenced by gender, age or place of residence of the patients. There were no differences in the frequency of particular genotypes in patients with sarcoidosis and in healthy individuals. The risk of disease did not depend on the ACE gene polymorphism. There were no differences in the frequencies of the different genotypes and alleles of the ACE gene in patients with sarcoidosis divided by gender, age and place of residence or by clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis.

Conclusions: Our results do not support the previous concept which suggested a higher incidence of sarcoidosis in individuals living in rural areas and in carriers of selected ACE genotypes. It is possible that this is related to the changing environment of rural areas, increasing urbanization and pollution.

Keywords: ACE gene; T lymphocytes; environment; polymorphism; sarcoidosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Electrophoretic separation of PCR products containing a polymorphic site I/D of ACE gene. DNA marker – line M, homozygotes I/I – line: 1, 8, 9, 10; heterozygotes I/D – line: 2, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14; homozygotes D/D – line: 3, 4, 11, 12, 15
Figure 2
Figure 2
CD4 : CD8 ratio in BALF in sarcoidosis patients with various radiological stages of the disease
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of CD4+ Th cells in BALF of patients with Lӧfgren syndrome and without acute manifestations of sarcoidosis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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