Electrophysiology and ultrastructure of canine subendocardial Purkinje cells isolated from control and 24-hour infarcted hearts

Abstract

Ventricular arrhythmias that accompany myocardial infarction in dogs may be secondary to the altered electrophysiological properties of the subendocardial Purkinje fibers that survive 24 hours after the coronary occlusion. To better understand the ionic mechanisms that underlie the altered electrical activity of these fibers, we have dispersed, using an enzymatic technique, Purkinje cells from the subendocardium of the infarcted ventricle (IZPCs) and compared their electrical and structural properties to Purkinje cells dispersed from fiber strands (SPCs) and from the subendocardium of the noninfarcted ventricle (NZPCs). Ultrastructural analysis of these cells shows that IZPCs contain an increased number of lipid droplets when compared with the SPCs and NZPCs. In addition, transmembrane action potentials of IZPCs have reduced resting potentials, action potential amplitudes, and upstroke velocity and are increased in duration when compared with either SPCs or NZPCs. Input resistance of IZPCs is increased over that measured in control cells (SPCs and NZPCs). Furthermore, the time course of the process of electrical restitution of action potential duration is altered in IZPCs with long action potentials. Finally, using K+-sensitive microelectrode techniques, we have determined that intracellular free K+ activity (aKi) in IZPCs (93.7 +/- 15 mM) is not significantly different from control aKi measurements (SPC, 106 +/- 13 mM; NZPC, 103 +/- 12 mM). Thus a reduction in aKi does not provide a basis for the reduced resting potentials observed in IZPCs. By studying the relation between the resting potential and log [K+]o we determined that in IZPCs with reduced resting potentials, there is a significant increase in the PNa/PK ratio when compared with control. In summary, to better understand the cellular basis of ventricular arrhythmias postinfarction, we have developed a single cell model that will allow for more rigorous electrophysiological studies of the specific ionic currents that underlie the abnormal electrophysiology.