Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in elderly patients. A systematic literature review

Abstract

The objective of this review was to evaluate morbidity, mortality and survival outcomes of elderly patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. A systematic literature search and standardized data collection of primary research publications until June 2016 on morbidity, mortality and survival outcomes in adults aged 65 and older with peritoneal carcinomatosis treated with cytoreduction and HIPEC was performed, using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane. Bibliographies of relevant reports were also hand-searched to identify all potentially eligible studies. Nine studies were included. Severe morbidity of all elderly patients ranges from 17% to 56% in centers with high experience. In-hospital and 30-day mortality ranges from 0% to 8%. In only two studies were the differences in morbidity and mortality statistically significant related to the control group. However, older adults undergoing cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC consistently had lower survival rates across all study settings and procedure types than younger individuals. In studies that stratified for elderly patients, PCI, completeness of cytoreduction, tumor histology and albumin levels were predictive factors of survival. None of these studies examined quality of life, which precludes including functional outcomes in this review. Differences in exposures, outcomes, and data presented in the studies did not allow for quantification of association using a meta analysis.

Keywords: Cytoreduction; Elderly; HIPEC; Morbidity; Survival.