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. 2017 Feb;90(1070):20160661.
doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160661. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

The prediction of radiofrequency ablation zone volume using vascular indices of 3-dimensional volumetric colour Doppler ultrasound in an in vitro blood-perfused bovine liver model

Samuel Chang  1 , Anthony C Lanctot  1 , Martin D McCarter  2 , Katherine M Roberts  3 , Deborah H Glueck  3 , Gerald D Dodd 3rd  1
Affiliations

The prediction of radiofrequency ablation zone volume using vascular indices of 3-dimensional volumetric colour Doppler ultrasound in an in vitro blood-perfused bovine liver model

Samuel Chang et al. Br J Radiol. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the most reliable predictor of radiofrequency (RF) ablation zone volume among three-dimensional (3D) volumetric colour Doppler vascular indices in an in vitro blood-perfused bovine liver model.

Methods: 3D colour Doppler volume data of the local hepatic parenchyma were acquired from 37 areas of 13 bovine livers connected to an in vitro oxygenated blood perfusion system. Doppler vascular indices of vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were obtained from the volume data using 3D volume analysis software. 37 RF ablations were performed at the same locations where the ultrasound data were obtained from. The relationship of these vascular indices and the ablation zone volumes measured from gross specimens were analyzed using a general linear mixed model fit with random effect for liver and backward stepwise regression analysis.

Results: FI was significantly associated with ablation zone volumes measured on gross specimens (p = 0.0047), but explained little of the variance (Rβ2 = 0.21). Ablation zone volume decreased by 0.23 cm3 (95% confidence interval: -0.38, -0.08) for every 1 increase in FI. Neither VI nor VFI was significantly associated with ablation zone volumes (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Although FI was associated with ablation zone volumes, it could not sufficiently explain their variability, limiting its clinical applicability. VI, FI and VFI are not clinically useful in the prediction of RF ablation zone volume in the liver. Advances in knowledge: Despite a significant association of FI with ablation zone volumes, VI, FI and VFI cannot be used for their prediction. Different Doppler vascular indices need to be investigated for clinical use.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A cut gross specimen through the centre line where the radiofrequency (RF) ablation probe was located: the dotted circle delineates the RF ablation zone that includes white and red zones. The double-headed arrow shows the long axis diameter of an RF ablation zone and the double-headed arrow in the dotted line denotes the short axis diameter.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The fitted plot of the data with flow index (FI) by volume with 95% confidence and prediction limits.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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