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. 2017 Jan 15:501:166-175.
doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.014. Epub 2016 Dec 6.

Sinu virus, a novel and divergent orthomyxovirus related to members of the genus Thogotovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Colombia

María Angélica Contreras-Gutiérrez  1 , Marcio R T Nunes  2 , Hilda Guzman  3 , Sandra Uribe  4 , Juan David Suaza Vasco  1 , Jedson F Cardoso  2 , Vsevolod L Popov  3 , Steven G Widen  5 , Thomas G Wood  5 , Nikos Vasilakis  6 , Robert B Tesh  7
Affiliations

Sinu virus, a novel and divergent orthomyxovirus related to members of the genus Thogotovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Colombia

María Angélica Contreras-Gutiérrez et al. Virology. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The genome and structural organization of a novel insect-specific orthomyxovirus, designated Sinu virus, is described. Sinu virus (SINUV) was isolated in cultures of C6/36 cells from a pool of mosquitoes collected in northwestern Colombia. The virus has six negative-sense ssRNA segments. Genetic analysis of each segment demonstrated the presence of six distinct ORFs encoding the following genes: PB2 (Segment 1), PB1, (Segment 2), PA protein (Segment 3), envelope GP gene (Segment 4), the NP (Segment 5), and M-like gene (Segment 6). Phylogenetically, SINUV appears to be most closed related to viruses in the genus Thogotovirus.

Keywords: Insect-specific viruses; Orthomyxoviridae; Sinu virus; Thogotovirus genus.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Location of Sinu virus isolation
A red dot indicates the location of the mosquito sampling site in the San Bernado del Viento municipality.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Ultrastructure of CoB 38d virus in C6/36 cells
Enveloped spherical virions 130–140 nm in diameter with multiple spikes at the surface are localized free in the cytosol. Bar= 100nm.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay
(a) CoB 38d antigen in infected C6/36 cells, as detected by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), using a Thogoto virus hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid (HMAF). (b) C6/36 cell control (uninfected) stained by IFAT, using the same HMAF.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Genome structure of the isolate CoB 38d
The six RNA segments are shown in positive-sense orientation (5′->3′). Numbers indicates the nucleotide positions along the segments. Black line represents the 5′ and 3′ NCRs (Non Coding Regions); rectangular with rounded sides correspond to the ORFs (Open Reading Frames); Black arrows and asterisks represents the start (ATG) and stop (TGA/TAA) codons respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic analysis based on (a) PB2, (b) PB1, (c) PA, (d) GP, (e) NP and (f) M-like proteins based of full length ORFs
Values over each node of the tree correspond to the bootstrap support values for NJ and values into () correspond to ML. Bayesian posterior probability values are placed within parenthesis. Number over the bars represents the number of amino acid substitutions/site. Scale bar is representing the amino acid substitution/site.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Three dimensional structure of the glycoprotein (GP)
(a1) DHOV; (a2) isolate CoB 38d and (a3) THOV. (b) Fusion peptide domain in detail for each virus respectively. (c) top and vertical views of the trimmer 3D structures and electrostatic charges (1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c) distribution in the structure (red areas=negatively charged; white areas = neutral charge; blue areas = positively charged). (d) Alignment of the fusion peptides of DHOV, THOV and SINUV.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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