Detection of coronary artery abnormalities in tetralogy of Fallot by two-dimensional echocardiography

Abstract

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot have a 5% to 19% incidence rate of abnormal distribution of coronary arteries. These abnormalities are usually detected by angiography and influence the timing and mortality rate of surgery. This study evaluates two-dimensional echocardiography as a method of assessing coronary artery distribution in tetralogy of Fallot. Forty-five consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot, aged 0.1 to 20.5 years (mean 5.7 +/- 4.3), had prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic studies to examine the branching patterns of the coronary arteries and to determine the presence or absence of a branch from the right or left coronary artery that crossed the right ventricular outflow tract. The first two patients had known coronary abnormalities and served as learning models. All other echocardiographic studies were performed without knowledge of angiographic or surgical findings. Twenty-two studies were completed before coronary angiography (group A) and 23 after angiography (group B). All eight patients (18%) with coronary abnormalities were correctly identified by two-dimensional echocardiography (five in group A and three in group B). Three had bilateral anterior descending coronary arteries originating from the left and right coronary arteries, two had the anterior descending artery originating from the right coronary artery, two had a large conal branch from the right coronary artery and one had origin of both left and right coronary arteries from a single left ostium. All abnormal coronary arteries were visualized crossing the right ventricular outflow tract, whereas all 21 small conal branches from the right coronary artery were not seen in the right ventricular outflow tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)