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Review
. 2016:2016:8491956.
doi: 10.1155/2016/8491956. Epub 2016 Nov 10.

Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: What Is on the B Side?

Laura Carreras-Planella  1 , Francesc E Borràs  1 , Marcella Franquesa  1
Affiliations
Review

Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: What Is on the B Side?

Laura Carreras-Planella et al. Mediators Inflamm. 2016.

Abstract

Regulatory B cells (Breg) are in the spotlight for their role in immune homeostasis maintenance and tolerance achievement as in the last years the correlation with functional and increased Breg numbers in autoimmune diseases and transplantation has been extensively proven. Their study is, however, in its infancy with still little knowledge and consensus on their origin, phenotype, and mechanism of action. All this hampers the pursuit of an effective Breg induction method for therapeutic purposes. In this review we aim to summarize the studies on human Breg and their implication in kidney transplantation and to further discuss the issues surrounding therapeutic applications of this cell subset.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no competing interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical summary of the main Breg induction methods, mode of action, and immunosuppressive functions that have been proposed in the literature. ODN: oligodeoxynucleotides; IL: interleukin; BCR: B cell antigen receptor; IFN: interferon; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; BAFF: B cell activating factor; APRIL: a proliferation-inducing ligand; MSC: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; GzmB: granzyme B; TGF: transforming growth factor; ADO: adenosine; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4; ICOS: inducible T cell costimulator.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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