Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2016 Dec 14;12(12):CD009921.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009921.pub2.

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long-term conditions

Pawel Posadzki  1 , Nikolaos Mastellos  2 , Rebecca Ryan  3 , Laura H Gunn  4 , Lambert M Felix  5 , Yannis Pappas  6 , Marie-Pierre Gagnon  7 , Steven A Julious  8 , Liming Xiang  9 , Brian Oldenburg  10 , Josip Car  1   2   11
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long-term conditions

Pawel Posadzki et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Automated telephone communication systems (ATCS) can deliver voice messages and collect health-related information from patients using either their telephone's touch-tone keypad or voice recognition software. ATCS can supplement or replace telephone contact between health professionals and patients. There are four different types of ATCS: unidirectional (one-way, non-interactive voice communication), interactive voice response (IVR) systems, ATCS with additional functions such as access to an expert to request advice (ATCS Plus) and multimodal ATCS, where the calls are delivered as part of a multicomponent intervention.

Objectives: To assess the effects of ATCS for preventing disease and managing long-term conditions on behavioural change, clinical, process, cognitive, patient-centred and adverse outcomes.

Search methods: We searched 10 electronic databases (the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; Embase; PsycINFO; CINAHL; Global Health; WHOLIS; LILACS; Web of Science; and ASSIA); three grey literature sources (Dissertation Abstracts, Index to Theses, Australasian Digital Theses); and two trial registries (www.controlled-trials.com; www.clinicaltrials.gov) for papers published between 1980 and June 2015.

Selection criteria: Randomised, cluster- and quasi-randomised trials, interrupted time series and controlled before-and-after studies comparing ATCS interventions, with any control or another ATCS type were eligible for inclusion. Studies in all settings, for all consumers/carers, in any preventive healthcare or long term condition management role were eligible.

Data collection and analysis: We used standard Cochrane methods to select and extract data and to appraise eligible studies.

Main results: We included 132 trials (N = 4,669,689). Studies spanned across several clinical areas, assessing many comparisons based on evaluation of different ATCS types and variable comparison groups. Forty-one studies evaluated ATCS for delivering preventive healthcare, 84 for managing long-term conditions, and seven studies for appointment reminders. We downgraded our certainty in the evidence primarily because of the risk of bias for many outcomes. We judged the risk of bias arising from allocation processes to be low for just over half the studies and unclear for the remainder. We considered most studies to be at unclear risk of performance or detection bias due to blinding, while only 16% of studies were at low risk. We generally judged the risk of bias due to missing data and selective outcome reporting to be unclear.For preventive healthcare, ATCS (ATCS Plus, IVR, unidirectional) probably increase immunisation uptake in children (risk ratio (RR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18 to 1.32; 5 studies, N = 10,454; moderate certainty) and to a lesser extent in adolescents (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11; 2 studies, N = 5725; moderate certainty). The effects of ATCS in adults are unclear (RR 2.18, 95% CI 0.53 to 9.02; 2 studies, N = 1743; very low certainty).For screening, multimodal ATCS increase uptake of screening for breast cancer (RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.04; 2 studies, N = 462; high certainty) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.88 to 2.55; 3 studies, N = 1013; high certainty) versus usual care. It may also increase osteoporosis screening. ATCS Plus interventions probably slightly increase cervical cancer screening (moderate certainty), but effects on osteoporosis screening are uncertain. IVR systems probably increase CRC screening at 6 months (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.48; 2 studies, N = 16,915; moderate certainty) but not at 9 to 12 months, with probably little or no effect of IVR (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99, 1.11; 2 studies, 2599 participants; moderate certainty) or unidirectional ATCS on breast cancer screening.Appointment reminders delivered through IVR or unidirectional ATCS may improve attendance rates compared with no calls (low certainty). For long-term management, medication or laboratory test adherence provided the most general evidence across conditions (25 studies, data not combined). Multimodal ATCS versus usual care showed conflicting effects (positive and uncertain) on medication adherence. ATCS Plus probably slightly (versus control; moderate certainty) or probably (versus usual care; moderate certainty) improves medication adherence but may have little effect on adherence to tests (versus control). IVR probably slightly improves medication adherence versus control (moderate certainty). Compared with usual care, IVR probably improves test adherence and slightly increases medication adherence up to six months but has little or no effect at longer time points (moderate certainty). Unidirectional ATCS, compared with control, may have little effect or slightly improve medication adherence (low certainty). The evidence suggested little or no consistent effect of any ATCS type on clinical outcomes (blood pressure control, blood lipids, asthma control, therapeutic coverage) related to adherence, but only a small number of studies contributed clinical outcome data.The above results focus on areas with the most general findings across conditions. In condition-specific areas, the effects of ATCS varied, including by the type of ATCS intervention in use.Multimodal ATCS probably decrease both cancer pain and chronic pain as well as depression (moderate certainty), but other ATCS types were less effective. Depending on the type of intervention, ATCS may have small effects on outcomes for physical activity, weight management, alcohol consumption, and diabetes mellitus. ATCS have little or no effect on outcomes related to heart failure, hypertension, mental health or smoking cessation, and there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects for preventing alcohol/substance misuse or managing illicit drug addiction, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDS, hypercholesterolaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea, spinal cord dysfunction or psychological stress in carers.Only four trials (3%) reported adverse events, and it was unclear whether these were related to the interventions.

Authors' conclusions: ATCS interventions can change patients' health behaviours, improve clinical outcomes and increase healthcare uptake with positive effects in several important areas including immunisation, screening, appointment attendance, and adherence to medications or tests. The decision to integrate ATCS interventions in routine healthcare delivery should reflect variations in the certainty of the evidence available and the size of effects across different conditions, together with the varied nature of ATCS interventions assessed. Future research should investigate both the content of ATCS interventions and the mode of delivery; users' experiences, particularly with regard to acceptability; and clarify which ATCS types are most effective and cost-effective.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

  1. Pawel Posadzki: none known.

  2. Nikolaos Mastellos: none known.

  3. Rebecca Ryan: This work was completed by RR as part of her role as editor with CCCG, funded by a Cochrane Infrastructure Grant provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC).

  4. Laura H Gunn: none known.

  5. Lambert M Felix: none known.

  6. Yannis Pappas: none known.

  7. Marie‐Pierre Gagnon: none known.

  8. Steven A Julious:none known.

  9. Liming Xiang: none known.

  10. Brian Oldenburg: none known.

  11. Josip Car: none known.

Figures

1
1
Primary preventive healthcare
2
2
Influencing factors and preventive strategies in type 2 diabetes
3
3
Conceptual framework of ATCS in preventive healthcare
4
4
Conceptual framework of ATCS in the management of long‐term conditions
5
5
Management of long‐term conditions
6
6
Study flow diagram
7
7
Subgroups for preventive health and/or management of long term conditions in this review
8
8
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
9
9
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

References to studies included in this review

Adams 2014 {published data only}
    1. Adams WG, Phillips BD, Bacic JD, Walsh KE, Shanahan CW, Paasche‐Orlow MK. Automated conversation system before paediatric primary care visits: a randomised trial. Pediatrics 2014;134(3):e691‐9. - PubMed
Aharonovich 2012 {published data only}
    1. Aharonovich E, Greenstein E, O'Leary A, Johnston B, Seol SG, Hasin DS. HealthCall: technology‐based extension of motivational interviewing to reduce non‐injection drug use in HIV primary care patients ‐ a pilot study. AIDS Care 2012;24(12):1461‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Andersson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Research Society on Alcoholism. 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, 23‐27 June 2012, San Francisco (CA). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2012;36:11A‐303A. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01803.x] - DOI - PubMed
Baker 2014 {published data only}
    1. Baker DW, Brown T, Buchanan DR, Weil J, Balsley K, Ranalli L, et al. Comparative effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centres: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine 2014;174(8):1235‐41. - PubMed
    1. Baker DW, Brown T, Buchanan DR, Weil J, Cameron KA, Ranalli L, et al. Design of a randomised controlled trial to assess the comparative effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve adherence to colorectal cancer screening among patients cared for in a community health centre. BMC Health Services Research 2013;13:153. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baker DW, Brown T, Buchanan DR, Weil J, Cameron KA, Ranalli L, et al. Improving rates of annual colorectal cancer screening among Latino patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2013;28 Suppl 1:S106.
    1. Baker DW, Brown T, Goldman SN, Liss DT, Kollar S, Balsley K, et al. Two year follow‐up of the effectiveness of a multi faceted intervention to improve adherence to annual colorectal cancer screening in community health centres. Cancer Causes & Control 2015;26(11):1685‐90. - PubMed
Bender 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bender BG, Apter A, Bogen DK, Dickinson P, Fisher L, Wamboldt FS, et al. Test of an interactive voice response intervention to improve adherence to controller medications in adults with asthma. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2010;23(2):159‐65. - PubMed
Bender 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bender B, Cvietusa P, Goodrich GC, Lowe R, Nuanes H, Shetterly S, et. al. A 24‐month randomised, controlled trial of an automated speech recognition program to improve adherence in paediatric asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014;133(2):AB166.
Bennett 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bennett GG, Warner ET, Glasgow RE, Askew S, Goldman J, Ritzwoller DP, et al. Obesity treatment for socio‐economically disadvantaged patients in primary care practice. Archives of Internal Medicine 2012;172(7):565‐74. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ritzwoller DP, Glasgow RE, Sukhanova AY, Bennett GG, Warner ET, Greaney ML, et al. Economic analyses of the Be Fit Be Well program: a weight loss program for community health centers. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2013;28(12):1581‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Warner ET, Glasgow RE, Emmons KM, Bennett GG, Askew S, Rosner B, et al. Recruitment and retention of participants in a pragmatic randomized intervention trial at three community health clinics: results and lessons learned. BMC Public Health 2013;13:192. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yeh HC, Clark JM, Emmons KE, Moore RH, Bennett GG, Warner ET, et al. Independent but coordinated trials: insights from the practice‐based Opportunities for Weight Reduction Trials Collaborative Research Group. Clinical Trials 2010;7(4):322‐32. - PMC - PubMed
Bennett 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bennett GG, Foley P, Levine E, Whiteley J, Askew S, Steinberg DM, et al. Behavioural treatment for weight gain prevention among black women in primary care practice: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine 2013;173(19):1770‐7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Foley P, Levine E, Askew S, Puleo E, Whiteley J, Batch B, et al. Weight gain prevention among black women in the rural community health centre setting: the Shape Program. BMC Public Health 2012;12(305):1‐11. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-305] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Steinberg DM, Levine EL, Lane I, Askew S, Foley PB, Puleo E, et al. Adherence to self‐monitoring via interactive voice response technology in an eHealth intervention targeting weight gain prevention among Black women: randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2014;16(4):e114. - PMC - PubMed
Boland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Boland MV, Chang DS, Frazier T, Plyler R, Jefferys JL, Friedman DS. Automated telecommunication‐based reminders and adherence with once‐daily glaucoma medication dosing: the automated dosing reminder study. JAMA Ophthalmology 2014;132(7):845‐50. - PubMed
Bove 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bove AA, Homko CJ, Santamore WP, Kashem M, Kerper M, Elliott DJ. Managing hypertension in urban underserved subjects using telemedicine‐‐a clinical trial. American Heart Journal 2013;165(4):615‐21. - PubMed
    1. Kashem A, Keper M, Homko CJ, Santamore WP, Hewitt V, Eubanks A, et al. Hypertension management in urban underserved patients using an Internet communication system. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2011;57(14s1):E1280.
Brendryen 2008 {published data only}
    1. Brendryen H, Drozd F, Kraft P. A digital smoking cessation program delivered through Internet and cell phone without nicotine replacement (happy ending): randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2008;10(5):e51. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brendryen H, Kraft P. Happy Ending: a randomised controlled trial of a digital multi‐media smoking cessation intervention. Addiction 2008;103(3):478–84. - PubMed
    1. Brendryen H, Kraft P, Schaalma H. Looking inside the black box: using intervention mapping to describe the development of the automated smoking cessation intervention 'Happy Ending'. Journal of Smoking Cessation 2010;5(1):29‐56.
Capomolla 2004 {published data only}
    1. Capomolla S, Pinna G, Rovere MT, Maestri R, Ceresa M, Ferrari M, et al. Heart failure case disease management program: a pilot study of home telemonitoring versus usual care. European Heart Journal Supplements 2004;6(Suppl F):F91‐8.
Carlini 2012 {published data only}
    1. Carlini BH, McDaniel AM, Weaver MT, Kauffman RM, Cerutti B, Stratton RM, et al. Reaching out, inviting back: using Interactive voice response (IVR) technology to recycle relapsed smokers back to Quitline treatment‐‐a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2012;6(12):507. - PMC - PubMed
Chaudhry 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, et al. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(24):2301‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Cleeland 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cleeland CS, Wang XS, Shi Q, Mendoza TR, Wright SL, Berry MD, et al. Automated symptom alerts reduce postoperative symptom severity after cancer surgery: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;29(8):994‐1000. - PMC - PubMed
Cohen‐Cline 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cohen‐Cline H, Wernli KJ, Boles‐Hall M, Bradford SC, Bounds L, Grossman D. Use of interactive voice response systems to improve colorectal cancer screening. American Journal of Epidemiology 2012;175(Suppl 11):S102.
    1. Cohen‐Cline H, Wernli KJ, Bradford SC, Boles‐Hall M, Grossman DC. Use of interactive voice response to improve colorectal cancer screening. Medical Care 2014;52(6):496‐9. - PubMed
Corkrey 2005 {published data only}
    1. Corkrey R, Parkinson L, Bates L. Pressing the key pad: trial of a novel approach to health promotion advice. Preventive Medicine 2005;41(2):657‐66. - PubMed
Cvietusa 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cvietusa PJ, Magid DJ, Goodrich G, Wagner N, Lowe R, Nuanes H, et al. A speech recognition (SR) reminder system improves adherence to ICS among pediatric asthma patients. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012;129(2):AB142.
David 2012 {published data only}
    1. David P, Buckworth J, Pennell ML, Katz ML, DeGraffinreid CR, Paskett ED. A walking intervention for postmenopausal women using mobile phones and Interactive Voice Response. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2012;18(1):20‐5. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Llanos AA, Krok JL, Peng J, Pennell ML, Vitolins MZ, Degraffinreid CR, et al. Effects of a walking intervention using mobile technology and interactive voice response on serum adipokines among postmenopausal women at increased breast cancer risk. Hormones and Cancer 2014;5(2):98‐103. - PMC - PubMed
Dedier 2014 {published data only}
    1. Dedier J, Wright JA, Friedman RH. Heeren T. Randomized controlled trial of a culturally adapted, automated telephone exercise coach to improve physical activity among hypertensive African‐Americans. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29(Suppl 1):S192‐3.
DeFrank 2009 {published data only}
    1. DeFrank JT, Rimer BK, Gierisch JM, Bowling MJ, Farrell D, Skinner CS. Impact of mailed and automated telephone reminders on receipt of repeat mammograms: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;36(6):459–67. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gierisch JM, Bowling JM, DeFrank JT, Rimer BK, Matuszewski JM, Farrell D, et al. Finding the minimal intervention needed for sustained mammography adherence. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2010;39(4):334‐44. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gierisch JM, Earp JA, Brewer NT, Rimer BK. Longitudinal predictors of nonadherence to maintenance of mammography. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2010;19(4):1103‐11. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gierisch JM, O'Neill SC, Rimer BK, DeFrank JT, Bowling JM, Skinner CS. Factors associated with annual‐interval mammography for women in their 40s. Cancer Epidemiology 2009;33(1):72‐8. - PMC - PubMed
DeMolles 2004 {published data only}
    1. DeMolles DA, Sparrow D, Gottlieb DJ, Friedman R. A pilot trial of a telecommunications system in sleep apnoea management. Medical Care 2004;42(8):764‐9. - PubMed
Derose 2009 {published data only}
    1. Derose SF, Nakahiro RK, Ziel FH. Automated messaging to improve compliance with diabetes test monitoring. American Journal of Managed Care 2009a;15(7):425‐31. - PubMed
Derose 2013 {published data only}
    1. Derose SF, Green K, Marrett E, Tunceli K, Cheetham TC, Chiu VY, et al. Automated outreach to increase primary adherence to cholesterol‐lowering medications. JAMA Internal Medicine 2013;173(1):38‐43. - PubMed
Dini 1995 {published data only}
    1. Dini EF, Linkins RW, Chaney M. Effectiveness of computer‐generated telephone messages in increasing clinic visits. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 1995;149(8):902‐5. - PubMed
Dini 2000 {published data only}
    1. Dini EF, Linkins RW, Sigafoos J. The impact of computer‐generated messages on childhood immunization coverage. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;18(2):132‐9. - PubMed
Dubbert 2002 {published data only}
    1. Dubbert PM, Cooper KM, Kirchner KA, Meydrech EF, Bilbrew D. Effects of nurse counseling on walking for exercise in elderly primary care patients. Journals of Gerontology Series A ‐ Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences 2002;57(11):M733‐40. - PubMed
Durant 2014 {published data only}
    1. Durant KT, Newsom J, Rubin E, Berger J, Pomerantz G. Increasing preventive health services via tailored health communications. American Journal of Managed Care 2014;20(10):828‐35. - PubMed
Ershoff 1999 {published data only}
    1. Ershoff DH, Quinn VP, Boyd NR, Stern J, Gregory M, Wirtschafter D. The Kaiser Permanente prenatal smoking cessation trial: when more isn't better, what is enough?. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1999;17(3):161‐8. - PubMed
Estabrooks 2008 {published data only}
    1. Estabrooks PA, Smith‐Ray RL. Piloting a behavioural intervention delivered through interactive voice response telephone messages to promote weight loss in a pre‐diabetic population. Patient Education & Counseling 2008;72(1):34‐41. - PubMed
Estabrooks 2009 {published data only}
    1. Estabrooks PA, Shoup JA, Gattshall M, Dandamudi P, Shetterly S, Xu S. Automated telephone counselling for parents of overweight children: a randomised controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;36(1):35‐42.e2. - PubMed
Farzanfar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Farzanfar R, Locke SE, Heeren TC, Stevens A, Vachon L, Thi Nguyen MK, et al. Workplace telecommunications technology to identify mental health disorders and facilitate self‐help or professional referrals. American Journal of Health Promotion 2011;25(3):207‐16. - PubMed
    1. Farzanfar, R, Finkelstein, D. Evaluation of a workplace technology for mental health assessment: a meaning‐making process. Computers in Human Behavior 2012;28(1):160‐5.
Feldstein 2006 {published data only}
    1. Feldstein AC, Smith DH, Perrin N, Yang X, Rix M, Raebel MA, et al. Improved therapeutic monitoring with several interventions: a randomised trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2006;166(17):1848‐54. - PubMed
Fiscella 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fiscella K, Humiston S, Hendren S, Winters P, Idris A, Li SXL, et al. A multimodal intervention to promote mammography and colorectal cancer screening in a safety‐net practice. Journal of the National Medical Association 2011;103(8):762‐8. - PubMed
    1. Fiscella K, Yosha A, Hendren SK, Humiston S, Winters P, Ford P, et al. Get screened: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to increase mammography and colorectal cancer screening in a large, safety net practice. BMC Health Services Research 2010;10:280. - PMC - PubMed
Fortuna 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fortuna RJ, Idris A, Winters P, Humiston SG, Scofield S, Hendren S, et al. Get screened: a randomised trial of the incremental benefits of reminders, recall, and outreach on cancer screening. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29(1):90‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Franzini 2000 {published data only}
    1. Franzini L, Rosenthal J, Spears W, Martin HS, Balderas L, Brown M, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of childhood immunization reminder/recall systems in urban private practices. Pediatrics 2000;106(1 II):177‐83. - PubMed
    1. The American Pediatric Society and The Society for Pediatric Research. Improving return visits in private provider offices through immunization reminder/recall. Pediatric Research 1998;43(Suppl 4):113.
Friedman 1996 {published data only}
    1. Friedman RH, Kazis LE, Jette A, Smith MB, Stollerman J, Torgerson J, et al. A telecommunications system for monitoring and counselling patients with hypertension. Impact on medication adherence and blood pressure control. American Journal of Hypertension 1996;9(4 Pt 1):285‐92. - PubMed
    1. Friedman RH, Stollerman J, Rozenblyum L, Belfer D, Selim A, Mahoney D, et al. A telecommunications system to manage patients with chronic disease. Studies in Health Technology & Informatics 1998;52 Pt 2:1330‐4. - PubMed
Glanz 2012 {published data only}
    1. Glanz K, Beck AD, Bundy L, Primo S, Lynn MJ, Cleveland J, et al. Impact of a health communication intervention to improve glaucoma treatment adherence. Results of the interactive study to increase glaucoma adherence to treatment trial. Archives of Ophthalmology 2012;130(10):1252‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Goulis 2004 {published data only}
    1. Goulis DG, Giaglis GD, Boren SA, Lekka I, Bontis E, Balas EA, et al. Effectiveness of home‐centred care through telemedicine applications for overweight and obese patients: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2004;28:1391‐8. - PubMed
Graziano 2009 {published data only}
    1. Graziano JA, Gross CR. A randomised controlled trial of an automated telephone intervention to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Advances in Nursing Science 2009;32(3):E42‐57. - PubMed
Green 2011 {published data only}
    1. 26th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition of the American Society of Hypertension, Inc, 2011 May 24, New York (NY). Automated outreach for antihypertensive medication refill reminders. Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2011;13(Suppl 1):A155.
Greist 2002 {published data only}
    1. Greist JH, Marks IM, Baer L, Kobak KA, Wenzel KW, Hirsch MJ, et al. Behaviour therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder guided by a computer or by a clinician compared with relaxation as a control. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002;63(2):138‐45. - PubMed
Griffin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Griffin JM, Hulbert EM, Vernon SW, Nelson D, Hagel EM, Nugent S, et al. Improving Endoscopy Completion: Effectiveness of an Interactive Voice Response System. American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(3):199‐208. - PubMed
Halpin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Halpin D, Laing‐Morton T, Levy M, Marno P. Effect of an innovative automated interactive health forecast alert system on rate of exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2009;64(Suppl 4):A115.
    1. Halpin DM, Laing‐Morton T, Spedding S, Levy ML, Coyle P, Lewis J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of automated interactive calling combined with a health risk forecast on frequency and severity of exacerbations of COPD assessed clinically and using EXACT PRO. Primary Care Respiratory Journal 2011;20(3):324‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Harrison 2013 {published data only}
    1. Harrison TN, Ho TS, Handler J, Kanter MH, Goldberg RA, Reynolds K. A randomised controlled trial of an automated telephone intervention to improve blood pressure control. Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich) 2013;15(9):650‐4. - PMC - PubMed
Hasin 2013 {published data only}
    1. Amrhein P, Aharonovich E, Greenstein E, Hasin D. Patient commitment strength during MI, healthcall participation, and drinking outcomes: results from a randomised trial of HIV primary care patients. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2012; Vol. 36:68A.
    1. Hasin D, Aharonovich E, Greenstein E, Pavlicova M, Wainberg M, Helzer J, et al. Drinking reduction in HIV primary care: a randomised trial of healthcall, a technology‐based enhancement to brief motivational interviewing. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2012;36:161A.
    1. Hasin DS, Aharonovich E, O'Leary A, Greenstein E, Pavlicova M, Arunajadai S, et al. Reducing heavy drinking in HIV primary care: a randomised trial of brief intervention, with and without technological enhancement. Addiction 2013;108(7):1230‐40. - PMC - PubMed
Helzer 2008 {published data only}
    1. Fazzino TL, Harder VS, Rose GL, Helzer JE. A daily process examination of the bidirectional relationship between craving and alcohol consumption as measured via interactive voice response. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2013;37(12):2161‐7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guth S, Lindberg SA, Badger GJ, Thomas CS, Rose GL, Helzer JE. Brief intervention in alcohol‐dependent versus nondependent individuals. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2008;69(2):243‐50. - PubMed
    1. Helzer JE, Rose GL, Badger GJ, Searles JS, Thomas CS, Lindberg SA, et al. Using interactive voice response to enhance brief alcohol intervention in primary care settings. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2008;69(2):251‐8. - PubMed
Hendren 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hendren S, Winters P, Humiston S, Idris A, Li SX, Ford P, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of a multimodal intervention to improve cancer screening rates in a safety‐net primary care practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29(1):41‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Hess 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hess R. Impact of automated telephone messaging on zoster vaccination rates in community pharmacies. Journal of American Pharmacists Association (2003) 2013;53(2):182‐7. - PubMed
Heyworth 2014 {published data only}
    1. Heyworth L, Kleinman K, Oddleifson S, Bernstein L, Frampton J, Lehrer M, et al. Comparison of interactive voice response, patient mailing, and mailed registry to encourage screening for osteoporosis: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporosis International 2014;25(5):1519‐26. - PubMed
    1. Heyworth L, Kleinman K, Oddleifson S, Bernstein L, Frampton J, Salvato K, et al. Screening for osteoporosis in high risk, menopausal women: a randomised trial of interactive voice response. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2011;26:S207.
Ho 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ho PM, Lambert‐Kerzner A, Carey EP, Fahdi IE, Bryson CL, Melnyk SD, et al. Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine 2014;174(2):186‐93. - PubMed
    1. Lambert‐Kerzner A, Giacco EJ, Fahdi IE, Bryson CL, Melnyk SD, Bosworth HB, et al. Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures (Medication study) after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2012;5(4):571‐6. - PubMed
    1. Lambert‐Kerzner A, Havranek EP, Plomondon ME, Albright K, Moore A, Gryniewicz K, et al. Patients' perspectives of a multifaceted intervention with a focus on technology: a qualitative analysis. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 2010;3(6):668‐74. - PubMed
    1. Welch LK, Olson KL, Snow KE, Pointer L, Lambert‐Kerzner A, Havranek EP, et al. Systolic blood pressure control after participation in a hypertension intervention study. The American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(7):473‐8. - PubMed
Homko 2012 {published data only}
    1. Homko CJ, Deeb LC, Rohrbacher K, Mulla W, Mastrogiannis D, Gaughan J, et al. Impact of a telemedicine system with automated reminders on outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2012;14(7):624‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Houlihan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Houlihan BV, Jette A, Friedman RH, Paasche‐Orlow M, Ni P, Wierbicky J, et al. A pilot study of a telehealth intervention for persons with spinal cord dysfunction. Spinal Cord 2013;51(9):715‐20. - PubMed
    1. Houlihan BV, Jette A, Ni P, Paasche‐Orlow M, Friedman RH, Ducharme S, et al. Efficacy of "care call" telerehabilitation intervention for persons with spinal cord dysfunction: Randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2011;92(10):1690.
    1. Mercier HW, Jette A, Houlihan B. Differential impact and use of a telehealth intervention by persons with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014;95(10):e34‐e5.
Hyman 1996 {published data only}
    1. Hyman DJ, Herd JA, Ho KS, Dunn JK, Gregory KA. Maintenance of cholesterol reduction using automated telephone calls. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1996;12(2):129‐33. - PubMed
Hyman 1998 {published data only}
    1. Hyman DJ, Ho KS, Dunn JK, Simons‐Morton D. Dietary intervention for cholesterol reduction in public clinic patients. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998;15(2):139‐45. - PubMed
Jarvis 1997 {published data only}
    1. Jarvis KL, Friedman RH, Heeren T, Cullinane PM. Older women and physical activity: using the telephone to walk. Womens Health Issues 1997;7(1):24‐9. - PubMed
Katalenich 2015 {published data only}
    1. Katalenich B, Shi L, Liu S, Shao H, McDuffie R, Carpio G, et al. Evaluation of a remote monitoring system for diabetes control. Clinical Therapeutics 2015;37(6):1216‐25. - PMC - PubMed
Khanna 2014 {published data only}
    1. Khanna R, Stoddard PJ, Gonzales EN, Villagran‐Flores M, Thomson J, Bayard P, et al. An automated telephone nutrition support system for Spanish‐speaking patients with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2014‐20;8(6):1115. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Khanna RR, Stoddard PJ, Villagran‐Flores M, Bayard P, Thompson J, Gonzales R. An automated telephone nutrition support system for Spanish‐speaking patients with diabetes. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2012;27(Suppl 2):S116. - PMC - PubMed
Kim 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kim S, Ruiz‐Barros V, Tang A, Kuo C, Quan J, Horton C, et al. Provider‐augmented automated telephone self‐management (ATSM) lowers A1C in a high‐risk, safety net population. Diabetes 2014;63:A84.
King 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hekler EB, Buman MP, Otten J, Castro CM, Grieco L, Marcus B, et al. Determining who responds better to a computer‐ vs. human‐delivered physical activity intervention: results from the community health advice by telephone (CHAT) trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2013;10(109):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
    1. King AC, Friedman R, Marcus B, Castro C, Napolitano M, Ahn D, et al. Ongoing physical activity advice by human versus computers: the community health advice by telephone (CHAT) trial. Health Psychology 2007;26(6):718‐27. - PubMed
    1. King AC, Hekler EB, Castro CM, Buman MP, Marcus BH, Friedman RH, et al. Exercise advice by humans versus computers: maintenance effects at 18 months. Health Psychology 2014;33(2):192‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Kroenke 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kroenke K, Theobald D, Norton K, Sanders R, Schlundt S, McCalley S, et al. The Indiana Cancer Pain and Depression (INCPAD) trial. Design of a telecare management intervention for cancer‐related symptoms and baseline characteristics of study participants. General Hospital Psychiatry 2009;31(3):240‐53. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kroenke K, Theobald D, Wu J, Norton K, Morrison G, Carpenter J, et al. Effect of telecare management on pain and depression in patients with cancer: a randomised trial. JAMA ‐ Journal of the American Medical Association 2010;304(2):163‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Kroenke 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kroenke K, Krebs E, Wu J, Bair MJ, Damush T, Chumbler N, et al. Stepped Care to Optimize Pain care Effectiveness (SCOPE) trial study design and sample characteristics. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;34(2):270‐81. - PubMed
    1. Kroenke K, Krebs EE, Wu J, Yu Z, Chumbler NR, Bair MJ. Telecare collaborative management of chronic pain in primary care: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312(3):240‐8. - PubMed
    1. Scott E, Kroenke K, Wu J, Yu Z. Reductions in depression, anxiety and pain catastrophising predict fewer pain disability days and lower pain intensity among primary care patients. Journal of Pain 2014;15(4):S12.
Krum 2013 {published data only}
    1. Krum H, Forbes A, Yallop J, Driscoll A, Croucher J, Chan B, et al. Telephone support to rural and remote patients with heart failure: the Chronic Heart Failure Assessment by Telephone (CHAT) study. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2013;31(4):230‐7. - PubMed
Kurtz 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kurtz B, Lemercier M, Pouchin SC, Benmokhtar E, Vallet C, Cribier A, et al. Automated home telephone self‐monitoring reduces hospitalisation in patients with advanced heart failure. Journal of Telemedicine & Telecare 2011;17(6):298‐302. - PubMed
LeBaron 2004 {published data only}
    1. LeBaron CW, Starnes DM, Rask KJ. The impact of reminder‐recall interventions on low vaccination coverage in an inner‐city population. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2004;158(3):255‐61. - PubMed
Leirer 1991 {published data only}
    1. Leirer VO, Morrow DG, Tanke ED, Pariante GM. Elders' nonadherence: its assessment and medication reminding by voice mail. Gerontologist 1991;31(4):514‐20. - PubMed
Lieu 1998 {published data only}
    1. Lieu TA, Capra AM, Makol J, Black SB, Shinefield HR. Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of letters, automated telephone messages, or both for underimmunised children in a health maintenance organization. Pediatrics 1998a;101(4):E3. - PubMed
Lim 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lim MC, Watnik MR, Imson KR, Porter SM, Granier AM. Adherence to glaucoma medication: The effect of interventions and association with personality type. Journal of Glaucoma 2013;22(6):439‐46. - PubMed
Linkins 1994 {published data only}
    1. Linkins RW, Dini EF, Watson G, Patriarca PA. A randomised trial of the effectiveness of computer‐generated telephone messages in increasing immunization visits among preschool children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 1994;148(9):908‐14. - PubMed
Litt 2009 {published data only}
    1. Litt MD, Kadden RM, Kabela‐Cormier E. Individualized assessment and treatment program for alcohol dependence: results of an initial study to train coping skills. Addiction 2009;104(11):1837‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Lorig 2008 {published data only}
    1. Lorig K, Ritter PL, Villa F, Piette JD. Spanish diabetes self‐management with and without automated telephone reinforcement: two randomised trials. Diabetes Care 2008;31(3):408‐414. - PubMed
Magid 2011 {published data only}
    1. Magid DJ, Ho PM, Olson KL, Brand DW, Welch LK, Snow KE, et al. A multimodal blood pressure control intervention in 3 healthcare systems. American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(4):e96‐103. - PubMed
    1. Magid DJ, Olson KL, Billups SJ, Wagner NM, Lyons EE, Kroner BA. A pharmacist‐led, American Heart Association Heart360 Web‐enabled home blood pressure monitoring program. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2013;6(2):157‐63. - PubMed
Mahoney 2003 {published data only}
    1. Mahoney DF, Tarlow BJ, Jones RN. Effects of an automated telephone support system on caregiver burden and anxiety: findings from the REACH for TLC intervention study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):556‐67. - PubMed
    1. Mahoney DM, Tarlow B, Jones RN, Tennstedt S, Kasten L. Factors affecting the use of a telephone‐based intervention for caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2001;7(3):139‐48. - PubMed
Maxwell 2001 {published data only}
    1. Maxwell S, Maljanian R, Horowitz S, Pianka MA, Cabrera Y, Greene J. Effectiveness of reminder systems on appointment adherence rates. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved 2001;12(4):504‐14. - PubMed
McNaughton 2013 {published data only}
    1. McNaughton B, Frohlich J, Graham A, Young QR. Extended interactive voice response telephony (IVR) for relapse prevention after smoking cessation using varenicline and IVR: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2013;13:824. - PMC - PubMed
Migneault 2012 {published data only}
    1. Migneault JP, Dedier JJ, Wright JA, Heeren T, Campbell MK, Morisky DE, et al. A culturally adapted telecommunication system to improve physical activity, diet quality, and medication adherence among hypertensive African‐Americans: a randomised controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2012;43(1):62‐73. - PMC - PubMed
Mooney 2014 {published data only}
    1. American Society of Clinical Oncology. 48th Annual Meeting of the American‐Society‐of‐Clinical‐Oncology (ASCO), JUN 01‐06, 2012, Chicago (IL). Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30(15):9137. [AB 9137]
    1. Dunson WA, Mooney K, Bec SL, Wong B, Wujci D. NCCN symptom guidelines coupled with nurse practitioner follow‐up reduce moderate to severe symptom days by half or greater in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2013;11(3):244.
    1. Mooney K, Beck SL, Wong B, Dunson WA Jr, Wujcik D. An automated telephone remote monitoring system with nurse practitioner follow‐up improves relief of individual symptoms after chemotherapy. Supportive Care in Cancer 2012;20:S253.
    1. Mooney KH, Beck SL, Friedman RH, Farzanfar R, Wong B. Automated monitoring of symptoms during ambulatory chemotherapy and oncology providers' use of the information: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(9):2343‐50. - PMC - PubMed
Moore 2013 {published data only}
    1. Moore BA, Cutter CJ, Mahoney AP, Grandpre N. Call behaviour and reported drug use within an automated telephone‐based treatment system for methadone patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2015;146:e45.
    1. Moore BA, Fazzino T, Barry DT, Fiellin DA, Cutter CJ, Schottenfeld RS, et al. The Recovery Line: a pilot trial of automated, telephone‐based treatment for continued drug use in methadone maintenance. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2013;45(1):63‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Morey 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hall KS, Crowley GM, Bosworth HB, Howard TA, Morey MC. Individual progress toward self‐selected goals among older adults enrolled in a physical activity counselling intervention. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 2010;18(4):439‐50. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hall KS, Crowley GM, McConnell ES, Bosworth HB, Sloane R, Ekelund CC, et al. Change in goal ratings as a mediating variable between self‐efficacy and physical activity in older men. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2010;39(3):267‐73. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huffman KM, Hall KS, Sloane R, Peterson MJ, Bosworth HB, Ekelund C, et al. Is diabetes associated with poorer self‐efficacy and motivation for physical activity in older adults with arthritis?. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 2010;39(5):380‐6. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Huffman KM, Sloane R, Peterson MJ, Bosworth HB, Ekelund C, Pearson M, et al. The impact of self‐reported arthritis and diabetes on response to a home‐based physical activity counselling intervention. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 2010;39(3):233‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lum H, Sloane R, Huffman KM, Kraus VB, Thompson DK, Kraus WE, et al. Plasma acylcarnitines are associated with physical performance in elderly men. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2011;66(5):548‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Morey 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hall KS, Beckham JC, Bosworth HB, Sloane R, Pieper CF, Morey MC. PTSD is negatively associated with physical performance and physical function in older overweight military Veterans. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2014;51(2):285‐95. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hall KS, Pieper CF, Edelman DE, Yancy WS Jr, Green JB, Lum H, et al. Lessons learned when innovations go awry: a baseline description of a behavioural trial‐the Enhancing Fitness in Older Overweight Veterans with Impaired Fasting Glucose study. Translational Behavioral Medicine 2011;1(4):573‐87. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morey MC, Pieper CF, Edelman DE, Yancy Jr WS, Green JB, Lum H, et al. Enhanced fitness: A randomised controlled trial of the effects of home‐based physical activity counselling on glycaemic control in older adults with prediabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2012;60(9):1655‐62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Povsic TJ, Sloane R, Green JB, Zhou J, Pieper CF, Pearson MP, et al. Depletion of circulating progenitor cells precedes overt diabetes: a substudy from the VA enhanced fitness trial. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2013;27(6):633‐6. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Povsic TJ, Sloane R, Zhou J, Pieper CF, Pearson MP, Peterson ED, et al. Lower levels of circulating progenitor cells are associated with low physical function and performance in elderly men with impaired glucose tolerance: a pilot substudy from the VA Enhanced Fitness trial. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2013;68(12):1559‐66. - PMC - PubMed
Mosen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mosen DM, Feldstein AC, Perrin N, Rosales AG, Smith DH, Liles EG, et al. Automated telephone calls improved completion of fecal occult blood testing. Medical Care 2010;48(7):604‐10. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Smith DH, Feldstein AC, Perrin N, Rosales AG, Mosen DM, Liles EG, et al. Automated telephone calls to enhance colorectal cancer screening: economic analysis. American Journal of Managed Care 2012;18(11):691‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Mu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mu Y, Rudkin K, Lou Y, Ewing S, Taitel M. Impact of automated telephonic reminders on patient ontime medication refills: initial findings of a randomised study. Value in Health 2013;16(3):A33.
Mundt 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mundt JC, Moore HK, Bean P. An interactive voice response program to reduce drinking relapse: a feasibility study. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2006;30(1):21‐9. - PubMed
Nassar 2014 {published data only}
    1. Nassar AF, Alemi F, Hetmyer A, Alemi Y, Randolph LA, Ramey SL. Automated monitoring to detect H1N1 symptoms among urban, Medicaid‐eligible, pregnant women: a community‐partnered randomised controlled trial. Journal of Community Health 2014;39(1):159‐66. - PubMed
Naylor 2008 {published data only}
    1. Naylor M, Krauthamer M, Cloud G. Interactive voice response as a therapeutic tool for chronic pain and opioid use reduction. European Journal of Pain 2009;13:S269‐S70.
    1. Naylor MR, Keefe FJ, Brigidi B, Naud S, Helzer JE. Therapeutic Interactive Voice Response for chronic pain reduction and relapse prevention. Pain 2008;134(3):335‐45. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Naylor MR, Naud S, Keefe FJ, Helzer JE. Therapeutic interactive voice response (TIVR) to reduce analgesic medication use for chronic pain management. Journal of Pain 2010;11(12):1410‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Ownby 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ownby RL, Hertzog C, Czaja SJ. Tailored information and automated reminding to improve medication adherence in Spanish‐ and English‐speaking elders treated for memory impairment. Clinical Gerontologist 2012;35(3):1‐17. [DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2012.657294] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Parikh 2010 {published data only}
    1. Parikh A, Gupta K, Wilson AC, Fields K, Cosgrove NM, Kostis JB. The effectiveness of outpatient appointment reminder systems in reducing no‐show rates. American Journal of Medicine 2010;123(6):542‐8. - PubMed
Patel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Patel MH, Schaaf DT, Flores DN, Fleszar GJ, Jan SA. The impact of interactive voice recognition technology on adherence to statin therapy. Value in Health 2007;10(3):A57‐A8.
Peng 2013 {published data only}
    1. Peng WB. Evaluation of a web‐phone intervention system on preventing smoking relapse. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences 2011;72(3‐A):1083.
    1. Peng WB. Schoech D. Evaluation of a web‐phone intervention system in changing smoking behaviour—a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Technology in Human Services 2013;31(3):248–68.
    1. Schoech D, Bolton KW. Automating and supporting care management using web‐phone technology: results of the 5‐year Teleherence project. Journal of Technology in Human Services 2015;33(1):16‐37.
Phillips 2015 {published data only}
    1. Phillips L, Hendren S, Humiston S, Winters P, Fiscella K. Improving breast and colon cancer screening rates: a comparison of letters, automated phone calls, or both. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2015;28(1):46‐54. - PubMed
Piette 2000 {published data only}
    1. Piette JD. Perceived access problems among patients with diabetes in two public systems of care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000;15(11):797‐804. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, McPhee SJ, Weinberger M, Mah CA, Kraemer FB. Use of automated telephone disease management calls in an ethnically diverse sample of low‐income patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22(8):1302‐9. - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, Weinberger M, McPhee SJ. The effect of automated calls with telephone nurse follow‐up on patient‐centred outcomes of diabetes care: a randomised, controlled trial. Medical Care 2000;38(2):218‐30. - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, Weinberger M, McPhee SJ, Mah CA, Kraemer FB, Crapo LM. Can automated calls with nurse follow‐up improve self‐care and glycaemic control among vulnerable patients with diabetes? A randomised controlled trial. American Journal of Medicine 2000;108:20‐7. - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, Weinberger M, McPhee SJ, Mah CA, Kraemer FB, Crapo LM. Do automated calls with nurse follow‐up improve self‐care and glycaemic control among vulnerable patients with diabetes?. American Journal of Medicine 2000;108(1):20‐7. - PubMed
Piette 2001 {published data only}
    1. Piette JD. Perceived access problems among patients with diabetes in two public systems of care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2000;15(11):797‐804. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, Kraemer FB, Weinberger M, McPhee SJ. Impact of automated calls with nurse follow‐up on diabetes treatment outcomes in a department of veterans affairs health care system. Diabetes Care 2001;24:202‐208. - PubMed
Piette 2012 {published data only}
    1. Piette JD, Datwani H, Gaudioso S, Foster SM, Westphal J, Perry W, et al. Hypertension management using mobile technology and home blood pressure monitoring: results of a randomized trial in two low/middle income countries. Telemedicine and e‐Health 2012;18(8):613‐20. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Piette JD, Marinec N, Gallegos‐Cabriales EC, Gutierrez‐Valverde JM, Rodriguez‐Saldana J, Mendoz‐Alevares M, et al. Spanish‐speaking patients' engagement in interactive voice response (IVR) support calls for chronic disease self‐management: Data from three countries. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2013;19(2):89‐94. - PMC - PubMed
Pinto 2002 {published data only}
    1. Delichatsios HK, Friedman RH, Glanz K, Tennstedt S, Smigelski C, Pinto BM, et al. Randomized trial of a "talking computer" to improve adults' eating habits. American Journal of Health Promotion 2001;15(4):215‐24. - PubMed
    1. Glanz K, Shigaki D, Farzanfar R, Pinto B, Kaplan B, Friedman RH. Participant reactions to a computerized telephone system for nutrition and exercise counseling. Patient Education and Counseling 2003;49(2):157‐63. - PubMed
    1. Pinto BM, Friedman R, Marcus BH, Kelley H, Tennstedt S, Gillman MW. Effects of a computer‐based, telephone‐counselling system on physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002;23(2):113‐20. - PubMed
Reekie 1998 {published data only}
    1. Reekie D, Devlin H. Preventing failed appointments in general dental practice: a comparison of reminder methods. British Dental Journal 1998;185(9):472‐4. - PubMed
Regan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Regan S, Reyen M, Lockhart AC, Richards AE, Rigotti NA. An interactive voice response system to continue a hospital‐based smoking cessation intervention after discharge. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2011;13(4):255‐260. - PMC - PubMed
Reid 2007 {published data only}
    1. Reid RD, Pipe AL, Quinlan B, Oda J. Interactive voice response telephony to promote smoking cessation in patients with heart disease: a pilot study. Patient Education & Counseling 2007;66(3):319‐26. - PubMed
Reid 2011 {published data only}
    1. Canadian Cardiovascular Society. 64th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society; Vancouver, BC. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2011;27(5 Suppl 1):S67.
Reynolds 2011 {published data only}
    1. Reynolds K, Green KR, Vansomphone SS, Scott RD, Cheetham TC. Automated outreach for cholesterol‐lowering medication refill reminders. European Heart Journal 2011;32(Suppl 1):230‐1.
Rigotti 2014 {published data only}
    1. Japuntich SJ, Regan S, Viana J, Tymoszczuk J, Reyen M, Levy DE, et al. Comparative effectiveness of post‐discharge interventions for hospitalised smokers: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2012;13(124):1‐13. [DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-124] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rigotti NA, Regan S, Levy DE, Japuntich S, Chang Y, Park ER, et al. Sustained care intervention and postdischarge smoking cessation among hospitalised adults a randomised clinical trial. JAMA ‐ Journal of the American Medical Association 2014;312(7):719‐28. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Society of General Internal Medicine. 36 th Annual Meeting of the Society‐of‐General‐Internal‐Medicine, APR 24‐27, 2013, Denver (CO). Journal of General Internal Medicine 2013;28(Suppl 1):S160. - PMC - PubMed
Rose 2015 {published data only}
    1. Rose GL, Skelly JM, Badger GJ, Ferraro TA, Helzer JE. Efficacy of automated telephone continuing care following outpatient therapy for alcohol dependence. Addictive Behaviors 2015;41:223‐31. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rose GL, Skelly JS, Badger GJ, Helzer JE. Continuing care after outpatient CBT: a randomised trial of alcohol therapeutic interactive voice response for relapse prevention. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2013;37 Special Issue(Suppl 2):200A.
Rubin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rubin A, Cunniff E, Saitz R, Heeren T, Gulliver SB, Friedman RH. An IVR multi‐session treatment program for risky drinkers: initial efficacy. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2012;36:0421.
Schillinger 2009 {published data only}
    1. Handley MA, Shumway M, Schillinger D. Cost‐effectiveness of automated telephone self‐management support with nurse care management among patients with diabetes. Annals of Family Medicine 2008;6(6):512‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lyles CR, Schillinger D, Lopez A, Handley M, Ratanawongsa N, Sarkar U. Safety events during an automated telephone self‐management support intervention. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2013;7(3):596‐601. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ratanawongsa N, Bhandari VK, Handley M, Rundall T, Hammer H, Schillinger D. Primary care provider perceptions of the effectiveness of two self‐management support programs for vulnerable patients with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2012;6(1):116‐24. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sarkar U, Handley MA, Gupta R, Tang A, Murphy E, Seligman HK, et al. Use of an interactive, telephone‐based self‐management support program to identify adverse events among ambulatory diabetes patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2008;23(4):459‐65. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schillinger D, Hammer H, Wang F, Palacios J, McLean I, Tang A, et al. Seeing in 3‐D: examining the reach of diabetes self‐management support strategies in a public health care system. Health Education & Behavior 2008;35(5):664‐82. - PubMed
Sherrard 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sherrard H, Struthers C, Kearns SA, Wells G, Chen L, Mesana T. Using technology to create a medication safety net for cardiac surgery patients: a nurse‐led randomised control trial. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2009;19(3):9‐15. - PubMed
Shet 2014 {published data only}
    1. Costa A, Shet A, Kumarasamy N, Ashorn P, Eriksson B, Bogg L, et al. Design of a randomised trial to evaluate the influence of mobile phone reminders on adherence to first line antiretroviral treatment in South India‐‐the HIVIND study protocol. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010;10:25. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rodrigues R, Bogg L, Shet A, Kumar DS, Costa A. Mobile phones to support adherence to antiretroviral therapy: what would it cost the Indian National AIDS Control Programme?. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2014;17:19036. [DOI: 10.7448/IAS.17.1.19036] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rodrigues R, Shet A, Swaroop N, Shastri S, Bogg L, Costa A. Mobile phone adherence support for antiretroviral therapy: what would it cost the National AIDS Control Program in India?. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2012;15:278‐80. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Shet A, Costa A, Kumarasamy N, Rodrigues R, Bewari BB, Ashorn P, et al. Effect of mobile telephone reminders on treatment outcome in HIV: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in India. British Medical Journal 2014;349:g5978. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g5978] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Siegel 1992 {published data only}
    1. Christ G, Siegel K. Monitoring quality‐of‐life needs of cancer patients. Cancer 1990;65(3 Suppl):760‐5. - PubMed
    1. Siegel K, Mesagno FP, Chen JY, Klein L, Bowles ME, McKenna M, et al. Computerized telephone assessment of the 'concrete' needs of chemotherapy outpatients: a feasibility study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1988;6(11):1760‐7. - PubMed
    1. Siegel K, Mesagno FP, Karus DG, Christ G. Reducing the prevalence of unmet needs for concrete services of patients with cancer: evaluation of a computerized telephone outreach system. Cancer 1992;69(7):1873‐83. - PubMed
Sikorskii 2007 {published data only}
    1. Given C, Given B, Jeon S, Sikorskii A, Champion V, McCorkle R. A randomised trial comparing a nurse delivered intervention with an automated voice intervention for managing symptoms among cancer patients. Psycho‐oncology 2006;15(1):6‐7.
    1. Given C, Sikorskii A, Siddiqi A, Given, B. Comparing cognitive behavioural and educational strategies; does age moderate the impact of interventions on symptom severity among cancer patients. Psycho‐oncology 2009;18(Suppl):S71‐S72.
    1. Given CW, Bradley C, You M, Sikorskii A, Given B. Costs of novel symptom management interventions and their impact on hospitalizations. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2010;39(4):663‐72. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Given CW, Sikorskii A, Tamkus D, Given B, You M, McCorkle R, et al. Managing symptoms among patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy: results of a two‐arm behavioral trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008;26(36):5855‐62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sikorskii A, Given CW, Given B, Jeon S, Decker V, Decker D, et al. Symptom management for cancer patients: a trial comparing two multimodal interventions. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2007;34(3):253‐64. - PMC - PubMed
Simon 2010a {published data only}
    1. Simon SR, Zhang F, Soumerai SB, Ensroth A, Bernstein L, Fletcher RH, et al. Failure of automated telephone outreach with speech recognition to improve colorectal cancer screening: a randomised controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine 2010;170(3):264‐270. - PubMed
Simon 2010b {published data only}
    1. Simon SR, Trinacty CM, Soumerai SB, Piette JD, Meigs JB, Shi P, et al. Improving diabetes care among patients overdue for recommended testing: a randomised controlled trial of automated telephone outreach. Diabetes Care 2010;33(7):1452‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Simpson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Simpson TL, Kivlahan DR, Bush KR, McFall ME. Telephone self‐monitoring among alcohol use disorder patients in early recovery: a randomised study of feasibility and measurement reactivity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2005a;79:241–50. - PubMed
Solomon 2007 {published data only}
    1. Polinski JM, Patrick A, Truppo C, Breiner L, Chen YT, Egan C, et al. Interactive voice response telephone calls to enhance bone mineral density testing. American Journal of Managed Care 2006;12(6):321‐5. - PubMed
    1. Shu AD, Stedman MR, Polinski JM, Jan SA, Patel M, Truppo C, et al. Adherence to osteoporosis medications after patient and physician brief education: post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial. American Journal of Managed Care 2009;15(7):417‐24. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Solomon DH, Polinski JM, Stedman M, Truppo C, Breiner L, Egan C, et al. Improving care of patients at‐risk for osteoporosis: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2007;22(3):362‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Sparrow 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sparrow D, Aloia M, Demolles DA, Gottlieb DJ. A telemedicine intervention to improve adherence to continuous positive airway pressure: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2010;65(12):1061‐6. - PubMed
Sparrow 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sparrow D, Gottlieb DJ, Demolles D, Fielding RA. Increases in muscle strength and balance using a resistance training program administered via a telecommunications system in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2011;66(11):1251‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Spoelstra 2013 {published data only}
    1. Spoelstra SL, Given BA, Given CW, Grant M, Sikorskii A, You M, et al. An intervention to improve adherence and management of symptoms for patients prescribed oral chemotherapy agents: an exploratory study. Cancer Nursing 2013;36(1):18‐28. - PubMed
Stacy 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stacy JN, Schwartz SM, Ershoff D, Shreve MS. Incorporating tailored interactive patient solutions using interactive voice response technology to improve statin adherence: results of a randomised clinical trial in a managed care setting. Population Health Management 2009;12(5):241‐54. - PubMed
Stehr‐Green 1993 {published data only}
    1. Stehr‐Green PA, Dini EF, Lindegren ML, Patriarca PA. Evaluation of telephoned computer‐generated reminders to improve immunization coverage at inner‐city clinics. Public Health Reports 1993;108(4):426‐30. - PMC - PubMed
Stuart 2003 {published data only}
    1. Stuart GW, Laraia MT, Ornstein SM, Nietert PJ. An interactive voice response system to enhance antidepressant medication compliance. Topic in Health Information Management 2003;24(1):15‐20. - PubMed
Szilagyi 2006 {published data only}
    1. Szilagyi PG, Schaffer S, Barth R, Shone LP, Humiston SG, Ambrose S, et al. Effect of telephone reminder/recall on adolescent immunization and preventive visits: results from a randomised clinical trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2006;160(2):157‐63. - PubMed
Szilagyi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Szilagyi PG, Albertin C, Humiston SG, Rand CM, Schaffer S, Brill H, et al. A randomised trial of the effect of centralized reminder/recall on immunizations and preventive care visits for adolescents. Academic Pediatrics 2013;13(3):204‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Tanke 1994 {published data only}
    1. Tanke ED, Leirer VO. Automated telephone reminders in tuberculosis care. Medical Care 1994;32(4):380‐389. - PubMed
Tanke 1997 {published data only}
    1. Tanke ED, Martinez CM, Leirer VO. Use of automated reminders for tuberculin skin test return. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1997;13(3):189‐192. - PubMed
Tucker 2012 {published data only}
    1. Schroder KE, Tucker JA, Simpson CA. Telephone‐based self‐change modules help stabilize early natural recovery in problem drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2013;74(6):902‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Simpson CA, Huang J, Roth DL, Chandler SD, Tucker JA. Predictors of utilization of an IVR self‐monitoring program by problem drinkers with recent natural resolutions. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2012;126(1‐2):111‐117. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tucker JA, Blum ER, Xie L, Roth DL, Simpson CA. Interactive voice response self‐monitoring to assess risk behaviours in rural substance users living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behaviors 2012;16(2):432‐40. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tucker JA, Roth DL, Huang J, Crawford MS, Simpson CA. Effects of interactive voice response self‐monitoring on natural resolution of drinking problems: utilization and behavioral economic factors. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2012;73(4):686‐98. - PMC - PubMed
Vance 2011 {published data only}
    1. Vance DE, Wright MA, McKie PR, Burton L, Ard J, Klapow J, et al. Evaluating the impact of an interactive telephone technology and incentives when combined with a behavioral intervention for weight loss. Obesity 2011;19:S115.
Velicer 2006 {published data only}
    1. Velicer WF, Friedman RH, Fava JL, Gulliver SB, Keller S, Sun XW, et al. Evaluating nicotine replacement therapy and stage‐based therapies in a population‐based effectiveness trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2006;74(6):1162‐72. - PubMed
Vollmer 2006 {published data only}
    1. American Thoracic Society. American Thoracic Society International Conference; May 15‐20 2009; San Diego (CA). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2009;179:A1089. [DOI: ]
    1. Feldstein A, Vollmer W, Rand C. Automated phone calls improved adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. Value in Health 2009;12(7):A490.
    1. Vollmer WM, Kirshner M, Peters D, Drane A, Stibolt T, Hickey T, et al. Use and impact of an automated telephone outreach system for asthma in a managed care setting. American Journal of Managed Care 2006;12(12):725‐33. - PubMed
Vollmer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Owen‐Smith A, Vupputuri S, Rand C, Tom J, Williams A, Smith D, et al. The patient study: lessons learned during the development of a multi‐site, pragmatic randomised control trial in a large health maintenance organization. Circulation 2012;125(Suppl 10):AP146. [Abstract P146]
    1. Schneider J, Waterbury A, Feldstein A, Donovan J, Vollmer WM, Dubanoski J, et al. Maximizing acceptability and usefulness of an automated telephone intervention: lessons from a developmental mixed‐methods approach. Health Informatics Journal 2011;17(1):72‐88. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vollmer WM, Feldstein A, Smith DH, Dubanoski JP, Waterbury A, Schneider JL, et al. Use of health information technology to improve medication adherence. American Journal of Managed Care 2011;17(Special issue):SP79‐SP87. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vollmer WM, Xu M, Feldstein A, Smith D, Waterbury A, Rand C. Comparison of pharmacy‐based measures of medication adherence. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12:155. - PMC - PubMed
Vollmer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Vollmer WM, Owen‐Smith AA, Tom JO, Laws R, Ditmer DG, Smith DH, et al. Improving adherence to cardiovascular disease medications with information technology. American Journal of Managed Care 2014;20(11 Spec No. 17):SP502‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Williams 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bird D, Oldenburg B, Cassimatis M, Russell A, Ash S, Courtney MD, et al. Randomised controlled trial of an automated, interactive telephone intervention to improve type 2 diabetes self‐management (Telephone‐Linked Care Diabetes Project): study protocol. BMC Public Health 2010;10:599. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Williams ED, Bird D, Forbes AW, Russell A, Ash S, Friedman R, et al. Randomised controlled trial of an automated, interactive telephone intervention (TLC Diabetes) to improve type 2 diabetes management: baseline findings and six‐month outcomes. BMC Public Health 2012;3(12):602. - PMC - PubMed
Wright 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wright JA, Phillips BD, Watson BL, Newby PK, Norman GJ, Adams WG. Randomized trial of a family‐based, automated, conversational obesity treatment program for underserved populations. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013;21(9):E369‐78. - PMC - PubMed
Xu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xu C, Jackson M, Scuffham PA, Wootton R, Simpson P, Whitty J, et al. A randomised controlled trial of an interactive voice response telephone system and specialist nurse support for childhood asthma management. Journal of Asthma 2010;47(7):768‐73. - PubMed
Yount 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yount SE, Rothrock N, Bass M, Beaumont JL, Pach D, Lad T, et al. A randomized trial of weekly symptom telemonitoring in advanced lung cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2014;47(6):973‐89. - PMC - PubMed
Zautra 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zautra AJ, Davis MC, Reich JW, Sturgeon JA, Arewasikporn A. An examination of automated telephone interventions in mindfulness and mastery for depressed community residents. Psychosomatic Medicine 2012;74(3):A91‐A92.

References to studies excluded from this review

Aarons 2012 {published data only}
    1. Aarons GA, Green AE, Palinkas LA, Self‐Brown S, Whitaker DJ, Lutzker JR, et al. Dynamic adaptation process to implement an evidence‐based child maltreatment intervention. Implementation Science: IS 2012;7:32. - PMC - PubMed
Abbott 2013 {published data only}
    1. Abbott SA, Friedland BA, Sarna A, Katzen LL, Rawiel U, Srikrishnan AK, et al. An evaluation of methods to improve the reporting of adherence in a placebo gel trial in Andhra Pradesh, India. AIDS & Behavior 2013;17(6):2222‐36. - PMC - PubMed
Adie 2010 {published data only}
    1. Adie K, James MA. Does telephone follow‐up improve blood pressure after minor stroke or TIA. Age and Ageing 2010;39(5):598‐603. - PubMed
Agel 2001 {published data only}
    1. Agel J, Rockwood T, Mundt JC, Greist JH, Swiontkowski M. Comparison of Interactive voice response and written self‐administered patient surveys for clinical research. Orthopedics 2001;24(12):1155‐7. - PubMed
Aharonovich 2006 {published data only}
    1. Aharonovich E, Hatzenbuehler M L, Johnston B, O'Leary A, Morgenstern J, Wainberg M L, et al. A low‐cost, sustainable intervention for drinking reduction in the HIV primary care setting. AIDS Care 2006;18(6):561‐8. - PubMed
Aikens 2015a {published data only}
    1. Aikens JE, Rosland AM, Piette JD. Improvements in illness self‐management and psychological distress associated with telemonitoring support for adults with diabetes. Primary Care Diabetes 2015;9(2):127‐134. - PMC - PubMed
Aikens 2015b {published data only}
    1. Aikens JE, Trivedi R, Aron DC, Piette JD. Integrating support persons into diabetes telemonitoring to improve self‐management and medication adherence. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2015;30(3):319‐26. - PMC - PubMed
Albert 2014 {published data only}
    1. Albert SM, King J, Boudreau R, Prasad T, Lin CJ, Newman AB. Primary prevention of falls: effectiveness of a statewide program. American Journal of Public Health 2014;104(5):e77‐e84. - PMC - PubMed
Albert 2015 {published data only}
    1. Albert SM, King J, Keene RM. Assessment of an interactive voice response system for identifying falls in a statewide sample of older adults. Preventive Medicine 2015;71:31‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Albisser 2001 {published data only}
    1. Albisser A M. Clinical studies with home glucose clamping. Annales d'Endocrinologie 2001;62(1 Pt 1):11‐8. - PubMed
Albisser 2005 {published data only}
    1. Albisser A M, Sakkal S, Wright C. Home blood glucose prediction: validation, safety, and efficacy testing in clinical diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2005;7(3):487‐96. - PubMed
Alemagno 1996 {published data only}
    1. Alemagno SA, Cochran D, Feucht TE, Stephens RC, Butts JM, Wolfe SA. Assessing substance abuse treatment needs among the homeless: a telephone‐based interactive voice response system. American Journal of Public Health 1996;86(11):1626‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Alemi 1994 {published data only}
    1. Alemi F, Stephens R, Parran T, Llorens S, Bhatt P, Ghadiri A, et al. Automated monitoring of outcomes: application to treatment of drug abuse. Medical Decision Making 1994;14(2):180‐7. - PubMed
Alemi 1995 {published data only}
    1. Alemi F, Higley P. Reaction to "talking" computers assessing health risks. Medical Care 1995;33(3):227‐33. - PubMed
Alemi 1996 {published data only}
    1. Alemi F, Alemagno S A, Goldhagen J, Ash L, Finkelstein B, Lavin A, et al. Computer reminders improve on‐time immunization rates. Medical Care 1996;34(10 Suppl):OS45‐51. - PubMed
Alemi 1996a {published data only}
    1. Alemi F, Stephens RC, Javalghi RG, Dyches H, Butts J, Ghadiri A. A randomized trial of a telecommunications network for pregnant women who use cocaine. Medical Care 1996;34(10 Suppl):OS10‐20. - PubMed
Alkema 2007 {published data only}
    1. Alkema Gretchen E, Wilber Kathleen H, Shannon George R, Allen D. Reduced mortality: the unexpected impact of a telephone‐based care management intervention for older adults in managed care. Health Services Research 2007;42(4):1632‐50. - PMC - PubMed
Allen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Allen JK, Stephens J, Dennison Himmelfarb CR, Stewart KJ, Hauck S. Randomized controlled pilot study testing use of smartphone technology for obesity treatment. Journal of Obesity 2013;2013(151597):1‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Alsabbagh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Alsabbagh MW, Lemstra M, Eurich D, Wilson TW, Robertson P, Blackburn DF. Pharmacist intervention in cardiac rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 2012;32(6):394‐9. - PubMed
Altfeld 2013 {published data only}
    1. Altfeld SJ, Shier GE, Rooney M, Johnson TJ, Golden RL, Karavolos K, et al. Effects of an enhanced discharge planning intervention for hospitalized older adults: a randomized trial. The Gerontologist 2013;53(3):430‐40. - PubMed
Anderson 2004 {published data only}
    1. Anderson ES, Anderson T, Heckman TG, Kalichman SC, Kochman A, Sikkema KJ. Emotional distress in nonmetropolitan persons living with HIV disease enrolled in a telephone‐delivered, coping improvement group intervention. Health Psychology 2004;23(1):94‐100. - PubMed
Andersson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Research Society on Alcoholism. 36th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, June 22‐26 – Orlando (FL). Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2013;37(Special Issue Suppl 2):260A. - PubMed
Andersson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Andersson C, Danielsson S, Silfverberg‐Dymling G, Löndahl G, Johansson BA. Evaluation of Interactive Voice Response (IVR) and postal survey in follow‐up of children and adolescents discharged from psychiatric outpatient treatment: a randomised controlled trial. Springerplus 2014;3(77):1‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Arezina 2011 {published data only}
    1. Arezina CH. The Effect of Interactive Music Therapy on Joint Attention Skills in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Masters Thesis]. Lawrence: University of Kansas, 2011. [1510876:73]
Armstrong 2009 {published data only}
    1. Armstrong April W, Watson Alice J, Makredes M, Frangos Jason E, Kimball Alexandra B, Kvedar Joseph C. Text‐message reminders to improve sunscreen use: a randomised, controlled trial using electronic monitoring. Archives of Dermatology 2009;145(11):1230‐6. - PubMed
Aseltine 2010 {published data only}
    1. Academic ED SBIRT Research Collaborative. The impact of screening, brief intervention and referral for treatment in emergency department patients' alcohol use: A 3‐, 6‐and 12‐month follow‐up. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2010;45(6):514‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Avery 2004 {published data only}
    1. Avery L, Clark M, Hampson SE, Simpson R. Effects of a tailored lifestyle self‐management intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes. British Journal of Health Psychology 2004;9(3):365‐79. - PubMed
Avery 2004a {published data only}
    1. Avery L, Clark M, Hampson SE, Simpson R. Effects of a brief tailored intervention on the process and predictors of lifestyle behaviour change in patients with type 2 diabetes. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2004;9(4):440‐9. - PubMed
Bambauer 2005 {published data only}
    1. Bambauer KZ, Aupont O, Stone PH, Locke SE, Mullan MG, Colagiovanni J, et al. The effect of a telephone counselling intervention on self‐rated health of cardiac patients. Psychosomatic Medicine 2005;67(4):539‐45. - PubMed
Barohn 2013 {published data only}
    1. Barohn R, Statland J, Bundy B, Wang Y, Raja Rayan D, Trivedi J, et al. An interactive voice response diary for stiffness in non‐dystrophic myotonia. Clinical and Translational Science 2013;6(2):121.
Bartholomew 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bartholomew ML, Church K, Graham G, Burlingame J, Zalud I, Sauvage L, et al. Managing diabetes in pregnancy using cell phone/internet technology. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011;204(1 Suppl):S113‐S4.
Basch 2006 {published data only}
    1. Basch C E, Wolf R L, Brouse C H, Shmukler C, Neugut A, DeCarlo L T, et al. Telephone outreach to increase colorectal cancer screening in an urban minority population. American Journal of Public Health 2006;96(12):2246‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Bastian 2002 {published data only}
    1. Bastian L A, McBride C M, Fish L, Lyna P, Farrell D, Lipkus I M, et al. Evaluating participants' use of a hormone replacement therapy decision‐making intervention. Patient Education and Counseling 2002;48(3):283‐91. - PubMed
Bellazzi 2003 {published data only}
    1. Bellazzi R, Arcelloni M, Bensa G, Blankenfeld H, Brugues E, Carson E, et al. Design, methods, and evaluation directions of a multi‐access service for the management of diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2003;5(4):621‐9. - PubMed
Bellazzi 2004 {published data only}
    1. Bellazzi R, Arcelloni M, Ferrari P, Decata P, Hernando ME, Garcia A, et al. Management of patients with diabetes through information technology: Tools for monitoring and control of the patients' metabolic behavior. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2004;6(5):567‐78. - PubMed
Berkman 2014 {published data only}
    1. Berkman ET, Giuliani NR, Pruitt AK. Comparison of text messaging and paper‐and‐pencil for ecological momentary assessment of food craving and intake. Appetite 2014;81:131‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Berman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Berman A, Farzanfar R, Kristiansson M, Carlbring P, Friedman R. Design and development of a telephone‐linked care (TLC) system to reduce impulsivity among violent forensic outpatients and probationers. Journal of Medical Systems 2012;36(3):1031‐42. - PubMed
Bexelius 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bexelius C, Merk H, Sandin S, Nyrén O, Kühlmann‐Berenzon S, Linde A, et al. Interactive voice response and web‐based questionnaires for population‐based infectious disease reporting. European Journal of Epidemiology 2010;25(10):693‐702. - PubMed
Bigby 1983 {published data only}
    1. Bigby J, Giblin J, Pappius E M, Goldman L. Appointment reminders to reduce no‐show rates. A stratified analysis of their cost‐effectiveness. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983;250(13):1742‐5. - PubMed
Bischof 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bischof G, Grothues JM, Reinhardt S, Meyer C, John U, Rumpf HJ. Evaluation of a telephone‐based stepped care intervention for alcohol‐related disorders: a randomised controlled trial. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 2008;93(3):244‐51. - PubMed
Bischof 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bischof G, Grothues JM, Reinhardt S, Meyer C, John U, Rumpf HJ. Stepped‐care intervention for alcohol problems: A cost‐effective approach for brief interventions in primary care?. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2010;34:29A.
Bjorner 2014a {published data only}
    1. Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, Stone AA, Junghaenel DU, Ware JE, Jr. Difference in method of administration did not significantly impact item response: an IRT‐based analysis from the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative. Quality of Life Research 2014;23(1):217‐27. - PMC - PubMed
Bjorner 2014b {published data only}
    1. Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, Stone AA, Junghaenel DU, Ware JE, Jr. Method of administration of PROMIS scales did not significantly impact score level, reliability, or validity. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2014;67(1):108‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Blackstone 2009 {published data only}
    1. Blackstone Mercedes M, Wiebe Douglas J, Mollen Cynthia J, Kalra A, Fein Joel A. Feasibility of an interactive voice response tool for adolescent assault victims. Academic Emergency Medicine 2009;16(10):956‐62. - PubMed
Bloom 2004 {published data only}
    1. Bloom PN, Lipkus IM, McBride CM, Pollak KI, Schwartz‐Bloom RD, Tilson E. A randomized trial comparing the effects of self‐help materials and proactive telephone counseling on teen smoking cessation. Health Psychology 2004;23(4):397‐406. - PubMed
Blumenthal 2014 {published data only}
    1. Blumenthal JA, Emery CF, Smith PJ, Keefe FJ, Welty‐Wolf K, Mabe S, et al. The effects of a telehealth coping skills intervention on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: primary results from the INSPIRE‐II study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2014;76(8):581. - PMC - PubMed
Boekeloo 1998 {published data only}
    1. Boekeloo BO, Schamus LA, Simmens SJ, Cheng TL. Ability to measure sensitive adolescent behaviours via telephone. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1998;14(3):209‐16. - PubMed
Boisseau 2010 {published data only}
    1. Boisseau N, Burde A, Bachmann P, Senesse P, Hebuterne X. A telephone‐linked computer system for home enteral nutrition. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2010;16(7):363‐7. - PubMed
Bombardier 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bombardier CH, Ehde DM, Gibbons LE, Wadhwani R, Sullivan MD, Rosenberg DE, et al. Telephone‐based physical activity counseling for major depression in people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2013;81(1):89‐99. - PubMed
Boren 2006 {published data only}
    1. Boren SA, De LG, Chanetsa F, Donaldson J, Krishna S, Balas E. Evaluation of a Diabetes Education Call Center Intervention. Telemedicine Journal and E‐health 2006;12(4):457‐65. - PubMed
Borland 2003 {published data only}
    1. Borland R, Balmford J, Segan C, Livingston P, Owen N. The effectiveness of personalized smoking cessation strategies for callers to a Quitline service. Addiction 2003;98(6):837‐46. - PubMed
Borland 2013 {published data only}
    1. Borland R, Balmford J, Benda P. Population‐level effects of automated smoking cessation help programs: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2013;108(3):618‐28. - PubMed
Borsari 2014 {published data only}
    1. Borsari B, Short EE, Mastroleo NR, Hustad JTP, Tevyaw TOL, Barnett NP, et al. Phone‐delivered brief motivational interventions for mandated college students delivered during the summer months. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2014;46(5):592‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Bosworth 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bosworth HB, Olsen MK, Neary A, Orr M, Grubber J, Svetkey L, et al. Take Control of Your Blood pressure (TCYB) study: a multifactorial tailored behavioral and educational intervention for achieving blood pressure control. Patient Education and Counseling 2008;70(3):338‐47. - PMC - PubMed
Bowen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bowen DJ, Powers D. Effects of a mail and telephone intervention on breast health behaviors. Health Education & Behavior 2010;37(4):479‐89. - PubMed
Brown 2004 {published data only}
    1. Brown KS, Cameron R, Kawash B, McDonald PW, Madill C, Smith PM. Telephone counseling for population‐based smoking cessation. American Journal of Health Behavior 2004;28(3):231‐41. - PubMed
Brown 2007 {published data only}
    1. Brown RL, Saunders LA, Bobula JA, Mundt MP, Koch PE. Randomized‐controlled trial of a telephone and mail intervention for alcohol use disorders: three‐month drinking outcomes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2007;31(8):1372‐9.. - PubMed
Bruce 2005 {published data only}
    1. Bruce Jr A, Bazargan‐Hejazi S. Evaluating a tailored intervention to increase screening mammography in an urban area. Journal of the National Medical Association 2005;97(10):1350‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Brustad 2003 {published data only}
    1. Brustad M, Skeie G, Braaten T, Slimani N, Lund E. Comparison of telephone vs face‐to‐face interviews in the assessment of dietary intake by the 24 h recall EPIC SOFT program ‐ The Norwegian calibration study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;57(1):107‐13. - PubMed
Budin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Budin WC, Hoskins CN, Haber J, Sherman DW, Maislin G, Cater JR, et al. Breast cancer: education, counseling, and adjustment among patients and partners: a randomized clinical trial. Nursing Research 2008;57(3):199‐213. - PubMed
Burda 2012 {published data only}
    1. Burda C, Haack M, Duarte AC, Alemi F. Medication adherence among homeless patients: a pilot study of cell phone effectiveness. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 2012;24(11):675‐81. - PubMed
Buscemi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Buscemi J. A Randomised Clinical Trial of a Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) for obesity in college students [PhD thesis]. Memphis: The University of Memphis, 2011.
Bustamante 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bustamante EE. Physical Activity Intervention for ADHD and DBD [PhD Thesis]. Chicago: University of Illinois, 2013.
Candy 2004 {published data only}
    1. Candy B, Chalder T, Cleare AJ, Hotopf M, Wessely S. A randomised controlled trial of a psycho‐educational intervention to aid recovery in infectious mononucleosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004;57(1):89‐94. - PubMed
Carcaise‐Edinboro 2008 {published data only}
    1. Carcaise‐Edinboro P, McClish D, Kracen AC, Bowen D, Fries E. Fruit and vegetable dietary behavior in response to a low‐intensity dietary intervention: the rural physician cancer prevention project. The Journal of Rural Health 2008;24(3):299‐305. - PubMed
Carlbring 2006 {published data only}
    1. Carlbring P, Bohman S, Brunt S, Buhrman M, Westling B E, Ekselius L, et al. Remote treatment of panic disorder: a randomised trial of Internet‐based cognitive behavior therapy supplemented with telephone calls. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006;163(12):2119‐25. - PubMed
Carmody 2013 {published data only}
    1. Carmody TP, Duncan CL, Huggins J, Solkowitz SN, Lee SK, Reyes N, et al. Telephone‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy for pain management among older military veterans: a randomized trial. Psychological Services 2013;10(3):265‐75. - PubMed
Cecinati 2010 {published data only}
    1. Cecinati V, Esposito S, Scicchitano B, Delvecchio GC, Amato D, Pelucchi C, et al. Effectiveness of recall systems for improving influenza vaccination coverage in children with oncohematological malignancies. Human Vaccines 2010;6(2):194‐7. - PubMed
Chae 2000 {published data only}
    1. Chae YM, Park HJ, Cho JG, Hong GD, Cheon KA. The reliability and acceptability of telemedicine for patients with schizophrenia in Korea. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2000;6(2):83‐90. - PubMed
Champion 2007 {published data only}
    1. Champion V, Skinner CS, Hui S, Monahan P, Juliar B, Daggy J, et al. The effect of telephone versus print tailoring for mammography adherence. Patient Education and Counseling 2007;65(3):416‐23. - PMC - PubMed
Chang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chang A, Liberman JN, Moyna A, Matlin OS, Raval K, Krull I, et al. Improving persistency for maintenance medication therapy through an interactive voice response program. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2010;16(2):156.
Chiu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chiu CW, Wong FKY. Effects of 8 weeks sustained follow‐up after a nurse consultation on hypertension: a randomised trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2010;47(11):1374‐82. - PubMed
Choudhry 2013 {published data only}
    1. Society‐of‐General‐Internal‐Medicine. 36th Annual Meeting of the Society‐of‐General‐Internal‐Medicine, APR 24‐27, 2013, Denver (CO). Journal of General Internal Medicine 2013;28(Suppl 1):S145‐S6. - PMC - PubMed
Collins 2003 {published data only}
    1. Collins RL, Kashdan TB, Gollnisch G. The feasibility of using cellular phones to collect ecological momentary assessment data: application to alcohol consumption. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003;11(1):73‐8. - PubMed
Collins 2010 {published data only}
    1. Collins RL, Vincent P, Dermen K, Vetter C, Wilson S, Smith J. A daily process approach to evaluating 3 brief motivation‐based interventions to reduce young adults' alcohol use. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2010;34(6):293A.
Cooney 2015 {published data only}
    1. Cooney NL, Litt MD, Sevarino KA, Levy L, Kranitz LS, Sackler H, et al. Concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment: Effect on daily process measures of alcohol relapse risk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2015;83(2):346‐58. - PMC - PubMed
Corkrey 2002a {published data only}
    1. Corkrey R, Parkinson L. A comparison of four computer‐based telephone interviewing methods: getting answers to sensitive questions. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 2002;34(3):354‐63. - PubMed
Costanza 2007 {published data only}
    1. Costanza ME, Luckmann R, Stoddard AM, White MJ, Stark JR, Avrunin JS, et al. Using tailored telephone counselling to accelerate the adoption of colorectal cancer screening. Cancer Detection and Prevention 2007;31(3):191‐8. - PubMed
Coughey 2010 {published data only}
    1. Coughey K, Klein G, West C, Diamond James J, Santana A, McCarville E, et al. The Child Asthma Link Line: a coalition‐initiated, telephone‐based, care coordination intervention for childhood asthma. Journal of Asthma 2010;47(3):303‐9. - PubMed
Crawford 2005 {published data only}
    1. Crawford AG, Sikirica V, Goldfarb N, Popiel RG, Patel M, Wang C, et al. Interactive voice response reminder effects on preventive service utilization. American Journal of Medical Quality 2005;20(6):329‐36. - PubMed
Crawford 2014 {published data only}
    1. Crawford J, Larsen‐Cooper E, Jezman Z, Cunningham SC, Bancroft E. SMS versus voice messaging to deliver MNCH communication in rural Malawi: assessment of delivery success and user experience. Global Health Science & Practice 2014;2(1):35‐46. - PMC - PubMed
Cudkowicz 2013 {published data only}
    1. Cudkowicz ME, Berg LH, Shefner JM, Mitsumoto H, Mora JS, Ludolph A, et al. Dexpramipexole versus placebo for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (EMPOWER): a randomised,double‐blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurology 2013;12(11):1059‐67. - PubMed
Curry 1995 {published data only}
    1. Curry SJ, McBride C, Grothaus LC, Louie D, Wagner EH. A randomized trial of self‐help materials, personalized feedback, and telephone counseling with nonvolunteer smokers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1995;63(6):1005‐14. - PubMed
Curry 2003 {published data only}
    1. Curry SJ, Ludman EJ, Grothaus LC, Donovan D, Kim E. A randomized trial of a brief primary‐care‐based intervention for reducing at‐risk drinking practices. Health Psychology 2003;22(2):156‐65. - PubMed
Dalal 2011a {published data only}
    1. Dalal AA, Nelson L, Gilligan T, McLeod L, Lewis S, Demuro‐Mercon C. Evaluating patient‐reported outcome measurement comparability between paper and alternate versions, using the lung function questionnaire as an example. Value in Health 2011;14(5):712‐20. - PubMed
Dalal 2011b {published data only}
    1. Dalal AA, Nelson LM, Gilligan T, McLeod LD, Lewis S, DeMuro C. Measurement comparability between paper and alternate versions: recommended assessment steps using the lung function questionnaire as an example. Value in Health 2011;14(3):A145. - PubMed
Damschroder 2010 {published data only}
    1. Damschroder L J, Lutes L D, Goodrich D E, Gillon L, Lowery J C. A small‐change approach delivered via telephone promotes weight loss in veterans: results from the ASPIRE‐VA pilot study. Patient Education and Counseling 2010;79(2):262‐6. - PubMed
Datta 2010 {published data only}
    1. Datta Santanu K, Oddone Eugene Z, Olsen Maren K, Orr M, McCant F, Gentry P, et al. Economic analysis of a tailored behavioral intervention to improve blood pressure control for primary care patients. American Heart Journal 2010;160(2):257‐63. - PubMed
Datto 2003 {published data only}
    1. Datto Catherine J, Thompson R, Horowitz D, Disbot M, Oslin David W. The pilot study of a telephone disease management program for depression. General Hospital Psychiatry 2003;25(3):169‐77. - PubMed
Davidoff 1985 {published data only}
    1. Davidoff M, Katz R. Automated telephone therapy for improving auditory comprehension in aphasic adults. Cognitive Rehabilitation 1985;3(2):26‐8.
Day 2002 {published data only}
    1. Day SX, Schneider PL. Psychotherapy using distance technology: a comparison of face‐to‐face, video, and audio treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2002;49(4):499‐503.
Decker 2009 {published data only}
    1. Decker V, Spoelstra S, Miezo E, Bremer R, You M, Given C, et al. A pilot study of an automated voice response system and nursing intervention to monitor adherence to oral chemotherapy agents. Cancer Nursing 2009;32(6):E20‐9. - PubMed
Denis 2012 {published data only}
    1. Denis B. Tailored telephone counselling to increase adherence of underusers in an organized colorectal cancer screening program with FOBT: a randomised controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2012;142(5):S767‐8.
Depp 2015 {published data only}
    1. Depp CA, Ceglowski J, Wang VC, Yaghouti F, Mausbach BT, Thompson WK, et al. Augmenting psychoeducation with a mobile intervention for bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2015;174:23‐30. - PMC - PubMed
De San Miguel 2013 {published data only}
    1. San Miguel K, Smith J, Lewin G. Telehealth remote monitoring for community‐dwelling older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telemedicine Journal and E‐health: The Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2013;19(9):652‐7. - PubMed
Digenio 2009 {published data only}
    1. Digenio AG, Mancuso JP, Gerber RA, Dvorak RV. Comparison of methods for delivering a lifestyle modification program for obese patients. Annals of Internal Medicine 2009;150(4):255‐62. - PubMed
Duncan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Duncan M, Vandelanotte C, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, Caperchione CM, George ES, et al. Effectiveness of a web‐ and mobile phone‐based intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating in middle‐aged males: randomized controlled trial of the ManUp study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2014;16(6):e136. - PMC - PubMed
Durso 2003 {published data only}
    1. Durso S C, Wendel I, Letzt A M, Lefkowitz J, Kaseman D F, Seifert R F. Older adults using cellular telephones for diabetes management: a pilot study. Medsurg Nursing 2003;12(5):313‐7. - PubMed
Dyches 1999 {published data only}
    1. Dyches H, Alemagno S, Llorens SA, Butts JM. Automated telephone‐administered substance abuse screening for adults in primary care. Health Care Management Science 1999;2(4):199‐204. - PubMed
Eakin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Eakin E, Reeves M, Lawler S, Graves N, Oldenburg B, Mar CD, et al. Telephone counseling for physical activity and diet in primary care patients. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;36(2):142‐9. - PubMed
Eakin 2010 {published data only}
    1. Eakin E, Reeves M, Winkler E, Lawler S, Owen N. Maintenance of physical activity and dietary change following a telephone‐delivered intervention. Health Psychology 2010;29(6):566‐73. - PubMed
Eakin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Eakin E, Reeves M, Dunstan D, Healy G, Winkler E, Marshall A, et al. Living well with diabetes: six‐month randomised trial outcomes of a telephone‐delivered weight loss intervention. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2012;15(S1):S202.
Eisdorfer 2003 {published data only}
    1. Eisdorfer C, Czaja SJ, Loewenstein DA, Rubert MP, Arguelles S, Mitrani VB, et al. The effect of a family therapy and technology‐based intervention on caregiver depression. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):521‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Elliott 2013 {published data only}
    1. Elliott MN, Brown JA, Lehrman WG, Beckett MK, Hambarsoomian K, Giordano LA, et al. A randomized experiment investigating the suitability of speech‐enabled IVR and web modes for publicly reported surveys of patients' experience of hospital care. Medical Care Research and Review 2013;70(2):165‐84. - PubMed
Elston 2010 {published data only}
    1. Elston J, Honan W, Powell R, Gormley J, Stein K. Do metronomes improve the quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease? A pragmatic, single‐blind, randomised cross‐over trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2010;24(6):523‐32. - PubMed
Eng 2013 {published data only}
    1. Eng JA, Richman JS, Houston T, Ritchie C. Health literacy did not influence effectiveness of computer telephony‐based post‐discharge support. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2013;28:S84‐85.
Fadol 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fadol AP, Mendoza T, Shah P, Cleeland C. Heart failure in cancer: is interactive voice response system (IVRS) feasible for symptom management?. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011;17:8S.
Fairhurst 2008 {published data only}
    1. Fairhurst K, Sheikh A. Texting appointment reminders to repeated non‐attenders in primary care: randomised controlled study. Quality & Safety in Health Care 2008, issue 5:373‐6. - PubMed
Farabee 2013 {published data only}
    1. Farabee D, Cousins SJ, Brecht ML, Antonini VP, Lee AB, Brummer J, et al. A comparison of four telephone‐based counselling styles for recovering stimulant users. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2013;27(1):223‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Faridi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Faridi Z, Liberti L, Shuval K, Northrup V, Ali A, Katz David L. Evaluating the impact of mobile telephone technology on type 2 diabetic patients' self‐management: the NICHE pilot study. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2008;14(3):465‐9. - PubMed
Farmer 2005 {published data only}
    1. Farmer AJ, Gibson OJ, Dudley C, Bryden K, Hayton PM, Tarassenko L, et al. A randomised controlled trial of the effect of real‐time telemedicine support on glycaemic control in young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28(11):2697‐702. - PubMed
Feldstein 2009 {published data only}
    1. Feldstein Adrianne C, Perrin N, Rosales A, Schneider J, Rix Mary M, Keels K, et al. Effect of a multimodal reminder program on repeat mammogram screening. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;37(2):94‐101. - PMC - PubMed
Fischer 2001 {published data only}
    1. Fischer R, Meyer N, Weitkunat R, Crispin A, Schotten K, Uberla K. Population‐based health monitoring via computer‐assisted telephone interviews in Bavaria [Bevölkerungsbezogenes Gesundheitsmonitoring in Bayern mit computerassistierten Telefoninterviews]. Gesundheitswesen 2001;63(Suppl 2):S123‐9. - PubMed
Fischer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fischer MA, Choudhry NK, Bykov K, Brill G, Bopp G, Wurst AM, et al. Pharmacy‐based interventions to reduce primary medication nonadherence to cardiovascular medications. Medical Care 2014;52(12):1050‐4. - PubMed
Fisher 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fisher WA, Orsama AL, Lahteenmaki J, Harno K, Kulju M, Wintergerst E, et al. Remote patient reporting and automated mobile telephone feedback reduce HbA1c and weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results of pilot research. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2013;15(Suppl 1):A8. - PubMed
Flax 2014 {published data only}
    1. Flax VL, Negerie M, Ibrahim AU, Leatherman S, Daza EJ, Bentley ME. Integrating group counseling, cell phone messaging, and participant‐generated songs and dramas into a microcredit program increases Nigerian women's adherence to international breastfeeding recommendations. Journal of Nutrition 2014;144(7):1120‐4. - PMC - PubMed
Franc 2014 {published data only}
    1. Franc S, Daoudi A, Joubert M, Fagour C, Boucherie B, Benamo E, et al. Telediab2 study: short‐term and long‐term results. Diabetes 2014;63(Suppl 1):A244‐5.
Furber 2010 {published data only}
    1. Furber S, Butler L, Phongsavan P, Mark A, Bauman A. Randomised controlled trial of a pedometer‐based telephone intervention to increase physical activity among cardiac patients not attending cardiac rehabilitation. Patient Education and Counseling 2010;80(2):212‐8. - PubMed
Fursse 2008 {published data only}
    1. European‐Federation‐for‐Medical‐Informatic. 21st International Congress of the European‐Federation‐for‐Medical‐Informatic (MIE2008), MAY 25‐28, 2008, Gothenburg, SWEDEN. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2008;136:181‐6.
Gazmararian 2010 {published data only}
    1. Gazmararian J, Jacobson KL, Pan Y, Schmotzer B, Kripalani S. Effect of a pharmacy‐based health literacy intervention and patient characteristics on medication refill adherence in an urban health system. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2010;44(1):80‐7. - PubMed
Gilbert 2006 {published data only}
    1. Gilbert H, Sutton S. Evaluating the effectiveness of proactive telephone counselling for smoking cessation in a randomized controlled trial. Addiction 2006;101(4):590‐8. - PubMed
Gilman 2014 {published data only}
    1. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM). SAEM Annual Meeting, May 13‐17, 2014, Dallas (TX). Academic Emergency Medicine 2014;21(Suppl 1):S145‐S6.. - PubMed
Glasgow 1996 {published data only}
    1. Glasgow RE, Toobert DJ, Hampson SE. Effects of a brief office‐based intervention to facilitate diabetes dietary self‐management. Diabetes Care 1996;19(8):835‐42. - PubMed
Glasgow 2008 {published data only}
    1. Glasgow RE, Estabrooks PA, Marcus AC, Smith TL, Gaglio B, Levinson AH, et al. Evaluating initial reach and robustness of a practical randomized trial of smoking reduction. Health Psychology 2008;27(6):780‐8. - PubMed
Goel 2008 {published data only}
    1. Goel A, George J, Burack RC. Telephone reminders increase re‐screening in a county breast screening program. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 2008;19(2):512‐21. - PubMed
Gonzalez 1997 {published data only}
    1. Gonzalez GM, Costello CR, Tourette TR, Joyce LK, Valenzuela M. Bilingual telephone‐assisted computerized speech‐recognition assessment: is a voice‐activated computer program a culturally and linguistically appropriate tool for screening depression in English and Spanish?. Cultural Diversity and Mental Health 1997;3(2):93‐111. - PubMed
Greaney 2012 {published data only}
    1. Greaney ML, Sprunck‐Harrild K, Bennett GG, Puleo E, Haines J, Viswanath KV, et al. Use of email and telephone prompts to increase self‐monitoring in a web‐based intervention: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(4):e96. - PMC - PubMed
Green 2010 {published data only}
    1. Green BB, Wang CY, Horner K, Catz S, Meenan RT, Vernon SW, et al. Systems of support to increase colorectal cancer screening and follow‐up rates (SOS): design, challenges, and baseline characteristics of trial participants. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2010;31(6):589‐603. - PMC - PubMed
Green 2013 {published data only}
    1. Green BB, Wang CY, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Meenan RT, Vernon SW, et al. An automated intervention with stepped increases in support to increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening: a randomised trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2013;158(5 Pt 1):301‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Greene 1998 {published data only}
    1. Greene L. A Comparison of Nursing Interventions Used to Increase Immunization Rates in Children [MSc Thesis]. Newport: Northern Kentucky University, 1998.
Greenley 2012 {published data only}
    1. Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America. Crohn's‐and‐Colitis‐Foundation's‐National‐Clinical‐and‐Research Conference on Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, DEC 13‐15, 2012, Hollywood (FL). Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 2012;18(Suppl 1):S6. - PubMed
Groeneveld 2010 {published data only}
    1. Groeneveld IF, Proper KI, Beek AJ, Mechelen W. Sustained body weight reduction by an individual‐based lifestyle intervention for workers in the construction industry at risk for cardiovascular disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial. Preventive Medicine 2010;51(3‐4):240‐6. - PubMed
Haas 2015 {published data only}
    1. Haas JS, Linder JA, Park ER, Gonzalez I, Rigotti NA, Klinger EV, et al. Proactive tobacco cessation outreach to smokers of low socioeconomic status: a randomised clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine 2015;175(2):218‐26. - PMC - PubMed
Hall 2000 {published data only}
    1. Hall JA, Huber DL. Telephone management in substance abuse treatment. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2000;6(4):401‐7. - PubMed
Hanauer 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hanauer David A, Wentzell K, Laffel N, Laffel Lori M. Computerized Automated Reminder Diabetes System (CARDS): e‐mail and SMS cell phone text messaging reminders to support diabetes management. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2009;11(2):99‐106. - PMC - PubMed
Hardy 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hardy H, Kumar V, Doros G, Farmer E, Drainoni M L, Rybin D, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a personalized cellular phone reminder system to enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2011;25(3):153‐61. - PMC - PubMed
Hasin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hasin DS, Aharonovich E, Greenstein E. HealthCall for the smartphone: technology enhancement of brief intervention in HIV alcohol dependent patients. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2014;9(1):5. - PMC - PubMed
Haynes 2006 {published data only}
    1. Haynes JM, Sweeney EL. The effect of telephone appointment‐reminder calls on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory. Respiratory Care 2006;51(1):36‐9. - PubMed
Hedeker 2003 {published data only}
    1. Hedeker D, Mermelstein R, Wong SC. Extended telephone counseling for smoking cessation: does content matter?. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2003;71(3):565‐74. - PubMed
Henry 2012 {published data only}
    1. Henry SR, Goetz MB, Asch SM. The effect of automated telephone appointment reminders on HIV primary care no‐shows by veterans. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2012;23(5):409‐18. - PubMed
Hersey 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hersey JC, Khavjou O, Strange LB, Atkinson RL, Blair SN, Campbell S, et al. The efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of a community weight management intervention: a randomised controlled trial of the health weight management demonstration. Preventive Medicine 2012;54(1):42‐9. - PubMed
Hettema 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hettema JE, Hosseinbor S, Ingersoll KS. Feasibility and reliability of interactive voice response assessment of HIV medication adherence: research and clinical implications. HIV Clinical Trials Journal 2012;13(5):271‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Hollis 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hollis JF, Polen MR, Whitlock EP, Lichtenstein E, Mullooly JP, Velicer WF, et al. Teen reach: outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of a tobacco reduction program for teens seen in primary medical care. Pediatrics 2005;115(4):981‐9. - PubMed
Horng 2004 {published data only}
    1. Horng F, Chueh K. Effectiveness of telephone follow‐up and counselling in aftercare for alcoholism. Journal of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association) 2004;12(1):11‐20. - PubMed
Horton 2008 {published data only}
    1. Horton RJ, Minniti A, Mireylees S, McEntegart D. A randomised trial to determine the impact on compliance of a psychophysical peripheral cue based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2008;29(6):823‐8. - PubMed
Hubbard 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hubbard RL, Leimberger JD, Haynes L, Patkar AA, Holter J, Liepman MR, et al. Telephone enhancement of long‐term engagement (TELE) in continuing care for substance abuse treatment: a NIDA clinical trials network (CTN) study. The American Journal on Addictions 2007;16(6):495‐502. - PubMed
Hurling 2007 {published data only}
    1. Hurling R, Catt M, Boni MD, Fairley BW, Hurst T, Murray P, et al. Using Internet and mobile phone technology to deliver an automated physical activity program: randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2007;9(2):e7. - PMC - PubMed
Hurling 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hurling R, Claessen JP, Nicholson J, Schäfer F, Tomlin CC, Lowe CF. Automated coaching to help parents increase their children's brushing frequency: an exploratory trial. Community Dental Health 2013;30(2):88‐93. - PubMed
Hwang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fox N, Hirsch‐Allen AJ, Goodfellow E, Wenner J, Fleetham J, Ryan CF, et al. The impact of a telemedicine monitoring system on positive airway pressure adherence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep 2012;35(4):477‐81. [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02279901] - PMC - PubMed
Jacobs 2004 {published data only}
    1. Jacobs AD, Ammerman AS, Ennett ST, Campbell MK, Tawney KW, Aytur SA, et al. Effects of a tailored follow‐up intervention on health behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes. Journal of Women's Health 2004;13(5):557‐68. - PubMed
Jacobs 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jacobs N, Bourdeaudhuij I, Thijs H, Dendale P, Claes N. Effect of a cardiovascular prevention program on health behavior and BMI in highly educated adults: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2011;85(1):122‐6. - PubMed
Jiménez‐Muro 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jiménez‐Muro A, Nerín I, Samper P, Marqueta A, Beamonte A, Gargallo P, et al. A proactive smoking cessation intervention in postpartum women. Midwifery 2013;29(3):240‐5. - PubMed
Johnson 2014 {published data only}
    1. Johnson TJ, Wilbur J, Fogg L, Schoeny M. The cost of increasing physical activity and decreasing body mass index for mid‐life African women. Value in Health 2014;17(7):A487. [A487] - PubMed
Joyce 2008 {published data only}
    1. Joyce GF, Niaura R, Maglione M, Mongoven J, Larson‐Rotter C, Coan J, et al. The effectiveness of covering smoking cessation services for medicare beneficiaries. Health Services Research 2008;43(6):2106‐23. - PMC - PubMed
Katz 2008 {published data only}
    1. Katz DL, Nordwall B. Novel interactive cell‐phone technology for health enhancement. Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology 2008;2(1):147‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Kauer 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kauer SD, Reid SC, Crooke AH, Khor A, Hearps SJ, Jorm AF, et al. Self‐monitoring using mobile phones in the early stages of adolescent depression: randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(3):e67. - PMC - PubMed
Kearney 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kearney N, McCann L, Norrie J, Taylor L, Gray P, McGee‐Lennon M, et al. Evaluation of a mobile phone‐based, advanced symptom management system (ASyMS©) in the management of chemotherapy‐related toxicity. Supportive Care in Cancer 2009;17(4):437‐44. - PubMed
Kempe 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kempe KL, Shetterly SM, France EK, Levin TR. Automated phone and mail population outreach to promote colorectal cancer screening. American Journal of Managed Care 2012;18(7):370‐8. - PubMed
Kim 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kim HS. A randomised controlled trial of a nurse short‐message service by cellular phone for people with diabetes. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2007; Vol. 44, issue 5:687‐92. - PubMed
Kim 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kim H S, Song M S. Technological intervention for obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Applied Nursing Research 2008;21(2):84‐9. - PubMed
Kim 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kim HG, Geppert J, Quan T, Bracha Y, Lupo V, Cutts DB. Screening for postpartum depression among low‐income mothers using an interactive voice response system. Maternal and Child Health Journal 2012;16(4):921‐8. - PubMed
Kim 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kim SE, Michalopoulos C, Kwong RM, Warren A, Manno MS. Telephone care management's effectiveness in coordinating care for Medicaid beneficiaries in managed care: a randomized controlled study. Health Services Research 2013;48(5):1730‐49. - PMC - PubMed
Klausen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Klausen SH, Mikkelsen UR, Hirth A, Wetterslev J, Kjærgaard H, Søndergaard L, et al. Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: effect of e‐Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease‐‐a randomised clinical trial. American Heart Journal 2012;163(4):549‐56. - PubMed
Kobak 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kobak KA, Taylor LH, Dottl SL, Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Burroughs D, et al. Computerized screening for psychiatric disorders in an outpatient community mental health clinic. Psychiatric Services 1997;48(8):1048‐57. - PubMed
Kobak 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kobak KA, Greist R, Jacobi DM, Levy‐Mack H, Greist JH. Computer‐assisted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive‐compulsive disorder: a randomised trial on the impact of lay vs. professional coaching. Annals of General Psychiatry 2015;14(10):doi: 10.1186/s12991‐015‐0048‐0. - PMC - PubMed
Kolt 2007 {published data only}
    1. Kolt GS, Schofield GM, Kerse N, Garrett N, Oliver M. Effect of telephone counselling on physical activity for low‐active older people in primary care: a randomised, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007;55(7):986‐92. - PubMed
Konstam 2011 {published data only}
    1. Konstam V, Gregory D, Chen J, Weintraub A, Patel A, Levine D, et al. Health‐related quality of life in a multicenter randomised controlled comparison of telephonic disease management and automated home monitoring in patients recently hospitalised with heart failure: SPAN‐CHF II trial. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2011;17(2):151‐7. - PubMed
Kristal 2000 {published data only}
    1. Kristal AR, Curry SJ, Shattuck AL, Feng Z, Li S. A randomised trial of a tailored, self‐help dietary intervention: The Puget sound eating patterns study. Preventive Medicine 2000;31(4):380‐9. - PubMed
Kwon 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kwon SB, Hong SS, Kang SY, Jung S, Hwang SH. Telephone call reminders and attendance in an electromyography laboratory. Journal of Neurology 2010;257(Suppl 1):S185.
Kwon 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kwon SB, Jung S, Kang SY, Hong SS, Hwang SH. The effect of telephone call reminders on electrodiagnostic laboratory attendance in Korea. Healthmed 2012;6(8):2850‐55.
Ladyzynski 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ladyzynski P, Wojcicki JM. Home telecare during intensive insulin treatment‐‐metabolic control does not improve as much as expected. Journal of telemedicine and telecare 2007;13(1):44‐7. - PubMed
Larocque 2014 {published data only}
    1. Larocque N, Calder LA, Calder‐Sprackman S, Cagaanan R, Zlepnig J, Cwinn AA, et al. Efficacy of phone follow‐up in reducing adverse events in the emergency department: a pilot project. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014;16(1):S42.
Leichter 2013 {published data only}
    1. Leichter SB, Bowman K, Adkins RA, Jelsovsky Z. Impact of remote management of diabetes via computer: The 360 study ‐ a proof‐of‐concept randomised trial. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2013;15(5):434‐8. - PubMed
Leigh 2014 {published data only}
    1. Leigh BC, Brewer DD, Seddig EL. Collecting daily self‐reports of injection drug use via automated telephone interviewing. Drug & Alcohol Review 2014;33(4):446‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Leimig 2008 {published data only}
    1. Leimig R, Gower G, Thompson DA, Winsett RP. Infection, rejection, and hospitalizations in transplant recipients using telehealth. Progress in Transplantation 2008;18(2):97‐102. - PubMed
Leon 1999 {published data only}
    1. Leon AC, Kelsey JE, Pleil A, Burgos TL, Portera L, Lowell KN. An evaluation of a computer assisted telephone interview for screening for mental disorders among primary care patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1999;187(5):308‐11. - PubMed
Levin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Levin W, Campbell DR, McGovern KB, Gau JM, Kosty DB, Seeley JR, et al. A computer‐assisted depression intervention in primary care. Psychological Medicine 2011;41(7):1373‐83. - PubMed
Levinson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Levinson AH, Glasgow RE, Gaglio B, Smith TL, Cahoon J, Marcus AC. Tailored behavioral support for smoking reduction: development and pilot results of an innovative intervention. Health Education Research 2008;23(2):335‐46. - PubMed
Lewis 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lewis KE, Annandale JA, Warm DL, Hurlin C, Lewis MJ, Lewis L. Home telemonitoring and quality of life in stable, optimised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Telemedicine & Telecare 2010;16(5):253‐9. - PubMed
Lichtenstein 2008 {published data only}
    1. Lichtenstein E, Boles SM, Lee ME, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE, Fellows J. Using radon risk to motivate smoking reduction II: randomized evaluation of brief telephone counseling and a targeted video. Health Education Research 2008;23(2):191‐201. - PubMed
Lim 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lim S, Kang SM, Shin H, Lee HJ, Yoon JW, Yu SH, et al. Improved glycemic control without hypoglycemia in elderly diabetic patients using the ubiquitous healthcare service, a new medical information system. Diabetes Care 2011;34(2):308‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Linder 2014 {published data only}
    1. Linder JA, Haas J, Rigotti NA, Park ER, Kontos E, Gonzalez I, et al. Proactive outreach of tobacco cessation treatment to disadvantaged smokers after a primary care visit: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29(Suppl 1):S184.
Lindner 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lindner P, Ivanova E, Ly KH, Andersson G, Carlbring P. Guided and unguided CBT for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder via the Internet and a smartphone application: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013;14(437):1‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Lindsay 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lindsay JA, Minard CG, Hudson S, Green CE, Schmitz JM. Using prize‐based incentives to enhance daily interactive voice response (IVR) compliance: a feasibility study. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2014;46(1):74‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Liu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Liu WT, Wang CH, Lin HC, Lin SM, Lee KY, Lo YL, et al. Efficacy of a cell phone‐based exercise programme for COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2008;32(3):651‐9. - PubMed
Liu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Liu WT, Huang CD, Wang CH, Lee KY, Lin SM, Kuo HP. A mobile telephone‐based interactive self‐care system improves asthma control. The European Respiratory Journal 2011;37(2):310‐7. - PubMed
Lovejoy 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lovejoy TI, Heckman TG. Depression moderates treatment efficacy of an HIV secondary‐prevention intervention for HIV‐positive late middle‐age and older adults. Behavioral Medicine 2014;40(3):124‐33. - PubMed
Ludman 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ludman EJ, Simon GE, Tutty S, Korff M. A randomized trial of telephone psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for depression: continuation and durability of effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007;75(2):257‐66. - PubMed
Mahoney 1999 {published data only}
    1. Mahoney D, Tennstedt S, Friedman R, Heeren T. An automated telephone system for monitoring the functional status of community‐residing elders. Gerontologist. 1999;39(2):229‐34. - PubMed
Markert 2013 {published data only}
    1. Markert J, Alff F, Zschaler S, Gausche R, Kiess W, Bluher S. Prevention of childhood obesity: Recruiting strategies via local paediatricians and study protocol for a telephone‐based counselling programme. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice 2013;7(6):e476‐e86. - PubMed
Marshall 1993 {published data only}
    1. Marshall B J, Hoffman S R, Babadzhov V, Babadzhov M, McCallum R. The Automatic Patient Symptom Monitor (APSM): a voice mail system for clinical research. Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer Application [sic] in Medical Care.. 1993:32‐6. - PMC - PubMed
McCann 2009 {published data only}
    1. McCann L, Maguire R, Miller M, Kearney N. Patients' perceptions and experiences of using a mobile phone‐based advanced symptom management system (ASyMS) to monitor and manage chemotherapy related toxicity. European Journal of Cancer Care 2009;18(2):156‐64. - PubMed
McDaniel 2005 {published data only}
    1. McDaniel AM, Benson PL, Roesener GH, Martindale J. An integrated computer‐based system to support nicotine dependence treatment in primary care. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2005;7(1):S57‐66. - PubMed
Miskelly 2005 {published data only}
    1. Miskelly F. Electronic tracking of patients with dementia and wandering using mobile phone technology. Age & Ageing 2005;34(5):497‐9. - PubMed
Mollon 2008 {published data only}
    1. Mollon B, Holbrook Anne M, Keshavjee K, Troyan S, Gaebel K, Thabane L, et al. Automated telephone reminder messages can assist electronic diabetes care. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 2008;14(1):32‐6. - PubMed
Mooney 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mooney KH, Beck SL, Friedman RH, Farzanfar R. Telephone‐linked care for cancer symptom monitoring. Cancer Practice 2002;10(3):147‐54. - PubMed
Mooney 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mooney K, Beck SL, Wong B, Dunson Jr WA, Wujcik D. The prevalence of hospitalizations, emergency department/urgent care visits for unrelieved symptoms during chemotherapy. Supportive Care in Cancer 2013;21(Suppl 1):S267‐S8.
Naylor 2002 {published data only}
    1. Naylor MR, Helzer JE, Naud S, Keefe FJ. Automated telephone as an adjunct for the treatment of chronic pain: A pilot study. Journal of Pain 2002;3(6):429‐38. - PubMed
O'Brien 1998 {published data only}
    1. O'Brien G, Lazebnik R. Telephone call reminders and attendance in an adolescent clinic. Pediatrics. 1998;101(6):E6. - PubMed
Oake 2009 {published data only}
    1. Oake N, Van WC, Rodger MA, Forster AJ. Effect of an interactive voice response system on oral anticoagulant management. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2009;180(9):927‐33. - PMC - PubMed
Odegard 2012 {published data only}
    1. Odegard PS, Christensen DB. MAP study: RCT of a medication adherence program for patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2012;52(6):753‐62. - PubMed
Orsama 2013 {published data only}
    1. Orsama AL, Lahteenmaki J, Harno K, Kulju M, Wintergerst E, Schachner H, et al. Active assistance technology reduces glycosylated hemoglobin and weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results of a theory‐based randomized trial. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2013;15(8):662‐9. - PubMed
Osgood‐Hynes 1998 {published data only}
    1. Osgood‐Hynes DJ, Greist JH, Marks IM, Baer L, Heneman SW, Wenzel KW, et al. Self‐administered psychotherapy for depression using a telephone‐accessed computer system plus booklets: An open U.S.‐U.K. study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1998;59(7):358‐65. - PubMed
Pakhale 2015 {published data only}
    1. Pakhale S, Baron J, Armstrong MA, Garde A, Reid RD, Alvarez G, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation in an outpatient respirology clinic. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2015;22(2):91‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Patrick 2000 {published data only}
    1. Patrick L. Automated telephone assessment and education with nurse follow up improved self care and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes... commentary on Piette JD, Weinberger M, McPhee SJ et al. Do automated calls with nurse follow‐up improve self‐care and glycaemic control among vulnerable patients with diabetes?. The American Journal of Medicine 2000;108(1):20‐7. - PubMed
Patten 2003 {published data only}
    1. Patten SB. Prevention of depressive symptoms through the use of distance technologies. Psychiatric Services 2003;54(3):396‐8. - PubMed
Pellegrini 2012 {published data only}
    1. Pellegrini CA, Duncan JM, Moller AC, Buscemi J, Sularz A, DeMott A, et al. A smartphone‐supported weight loss program: design of the ENGAGED randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2012;12(1041):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Pinto 2011 {published data only}
    1. Pinto BM, Goldstein MG, Papandonatos GD, Farrell N, Tilkemeier P, Marcus BH, et al. Maintenance of exercise after phase II cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2011;41(3):274‐83. - PMC - PubMed
Pinto 2013a {published data only}
    1. Pinto BM, Papandonatos GD, Goldstein MG. A randomised trial to promote physical activity among breast cancer patients. Health Psychology 2013;32(6):616‐26. - PubMed
Pinto 2013b {published data only}
    1. Pinto BM, Papandonatos GD, Goldstein MG, Marcus BH, Farrell N. Home‐based physical activity intervention for colorectal cancer survivors. Psycho‐oncology 2013;22(1):54‐64. - PubMed
Pizzi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Pizzi LT, Zangalli C, Murchison AP, Hale N, Hark L, Dai Y, et al. Comparative effectiveness and costs of strategies to improve follow‐up for diabetic eye care visits. Value in Health 2014;17(3):A129.
Prochaska 2001 {published data only}
    1. Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Fava JL, Ruggiero L, Laforge RG, Rossi JS, et al. Counselor and stimulus control enhancements of a stage‐matched expert system intervention for smokers in a managed care setting. Preventive Medicine 2001;32(1):23‐32. - PubMed
Ramelson 1999 {published data only}
    1. Ramelson HZ, Friedman RH, Ockene JK. An automated telephone‐based smoking cessation education and counselling system. Patient Education and Counseling 1999;36(2):131‐44. - PubMed
Riegel 2006 {published data only}
    1. Riegel B, Carlson B, Glaser D, Romero T. Randomized controlled trial of telephone case management in Hispanics of Mexican origin with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2006;12(3):211‐9. - PubMed
Rizvi 2011 {published data only}
    1. Rizvi SL, Dimeff LA, Skutch J, Carroll D, Linehan MM. A pilot study of the DBT coach: an interactive mobile phone application for individuals with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder. Behaviour Therapy 2011;42(4):589‐600. - PubMed
Roberts 2007 {published data only}
    1. Roberts N, Meade K, Partridge M. The effect of telephone reminders on attendance in respiratory outpatient clinics. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 2007;12(2):69‐72. - PubMed
Rolnick 1997 {published data only}
    1. Rolnick SJ, Klevan D, Cherney L, Lando HA. Nicotine replacement therapy in a group model HMO. HMO practice/HMO Group 1997;11(1):34‐7. - PubMed
Rose 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rose G L, MacLean C D, Skelly J, Badger G J, Ferraro T A, Helzer J E. Interactive voice response technology can deliver alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2010;25(4):340‐4. - PMC - PubMed
Rosser 1992 {published data only}
    1. Rosser WW, Hutchison BG, McDowell I, Newell C. Use of reminders to increase compliance with tetanus booster vaccination. CMAJ 1992;146(6):911‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Rothemich 2010 {published data only}
    1. Rothemich SF, Woolf SH, Johnson RE, Devers KJ, Flores SK, Villars P, et al. Promoting primary care smoking‐cessation support with quitlines: the QuitLink randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2010;38(4):367‐74. - PubMed
Rubin 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rubin A, Migneault JP, Marks L, Goldstein E, Ludena K, Friedman RH. Automated telephone screening for problem drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2006;67(3):454‐7. - PubMed
Salisbury 2013 {published data only}
    1. Salisbury C, Foster NE, Hopper C, Bishop A, Hollinghurst S, Coast J, et al. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of 'PhysioDirect' telephone assessment and advice services for physiotherapy. Health Technology Assessment 2013;17(2):1‐157. - PMC - PubMed
Sano 2013 {published data only}
    1. Sano M, Egelko S, Donohue M, Ferris S, Kaye J, Hayes TL, et al. Developing dementia prevention trials: baseline report of the Home‐Based Assessment study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2013;27(4):356‐62. - PMC - PubMed
Sano 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sano M, Egelko S, Donohue MC, Kaye J, Mundt J, Sun CK, et al. Assessing clinical progression for dementia prevention trial: results from the HBA trial. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2014;10(4):P138.
Schuurman 1980 {published data only}
    1. Schuurman JH, Haes WF, Huisman J. Effects of the automatic telephone answering service on venereal disease in Rotterdam. Health Education Journal 1980;39(2):47‐51. - PubMed
Scott 2011 {published data only}
    1. Scott GA. Treat to target using interactive voice messaging to enhance primary care physician management of hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2011;13(Suppl 1):A158.
Seto 2012 {published data only}
    1. Seto E, Leonard KJ, Cafazzo JA, Barnsley J, Masino C, Ross HJ. Mobile phone‐based tele‐monitoring for heart failure management: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2012;14(1):e31. - PMC - PubMed
Shah 2014 {published data only}
    1. Shah SJ, Hong CS, Cronin PR, Bearnot BI, Richardson CA, Fosburgh BW, et al. Effectiveness of targeted phone calls to reduce noshows in a hospital‐based primary care clinic: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2014;29:S80‐S1.
Siddiqui 2011 {published data only}
    1. Siddiqui AA, Sifri R, Hyslop T, Andrel J, Rosenthal M, Vernon SW, et al. Race and response to colon cancer screening interventions. Preventive Medicine 2011;52(3‐4):262‐4. - PubMed
Silveira 2011 {published data only}
    1. Silveira MJ, Given CW, Cease KB, Sikorskii A, Given B, Northouse LL, et al. Cancer Carepartners: improving patients' symptom management by engaging informal caregivers. BMC Palliative Care 2011;10(21):1‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Simon 2000 {published data only}
    1. Simon G E, VonKorff M, Rutter C, Wagner E. Randomised trial of monitoring, feedback, and management of care by telephone to improve treatment of depression in primary care. BMJ 2000;320(7234):550‐4. - PMC - PubMed
Simon 2004 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Tutty S, Operskalski B, Korff M. Telephone psychotherapy and telephone care management for primary care patients starting antidepressant treatment: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004;292(8):935‐42. - PubMed
Simon 2006 {published data only}
    1. Simon GE, Ludman EJ, Operskalski BH. Randomized trial of a telephone care management program for outpatients starting antidepressant treatment. Psychiatric Services 2006;57(10):1441‐5. - PubMed
Simpson 2011a {published data only}
    1. Simpson CA, Xie L, Blum ER, Tucker JA. Agreement between prospective interactive voice response telephone reporting and structured recall reports of risk behaviors in rural substance users living with HIV/AIDS. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2011;25(1):185‐90. - PMC - PubMed
Simpson 2011b {published data only}
    1. Simpson T, Rosenthal C, Gurrad B, Luterek J, Kaysen D. A pilot study evaluating mechanisms of change among patients with comorbid PTSD and alcohol dependence: methods and feasibility. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 2011;35(6):142A.
Skolarus 2012 {published data only}
    1. Skolarus TA, Holmes‐Rovner M, Hawley ST, Dunn RL, Barr KLC, Willard NR, et al. Monitoring quality of life among prostate cancer survivors: the feasibility of automated telephone assessment. Urology 2012;80(5):1021‐6. - PubMed
Soran 2008 {published data only}
    1. Soran OZ, Pina IL, Lamas GA, Kelsey SF, Selzer F, Pilotte J, et al. A randomised clinical trial of the clinical effects of enhanced heart failure monitoring using a computer‐based telephonic monitoring system in older minorities and women. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2008;14(9):711‐7. - PubMed
Statland 2011 {published data only}
    1. Statland JM, Wang Y, Richesson R, Bundy B, Herbelin L, Gomes J, et al. An interactive voice response diary for patients with non‐dystrophic myotonia. Muscle and Nerve 2011;44(1):30‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Stevens 2008 {published data only}
    1. Stevens VJ, Funk KL, Brantley PJ, Erlinger TP, Myers VH, Champagne CM, et al. Design and implementation of an interactive website to support long‐term maintenance of weight loss. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2008;10(1):e1. - PMC - PubMed
Stiles‐Shields 2014 {published data only}
    1. Stiles‐Shields C, Kwasny MJ, Cai X, Mohr DC. Therapeutic alliance in face‐to‐face and telephone‐administered cognitive behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2014;82(2):349‐54. - PMC - PubMed
Stockwell 2012 {published data only}
    1. Stockwell MS, Kharbanda EO, Martinez RA, Vargas CY, Vawdrey DK, Camargo S. Effect of a text messaging intervention on influenza vaccination in an urban, low‐income paediatric and adolescent population: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2012;307(16):1702‐8. - PubMed
Tourangeau 2002 {published data only}
    1. Tourangeau R, Steiger DM, Wilson D. Self‐administered questions by telephone ‐ evaluating interactive voice response. Public Opinion Quarterly 2002;66(2):265‐78.
Tucker 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tucker JA, Simpson CA, Huang J, Roth DL, Stewart KE. Utility of an interactive voice response system to assess antiretroviral pharmacotherapy adherence among substance users living with HIV/AIDS in the rural South. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2013;27(5):280‐6. - PMC - PubMed
VanWormer 2009 {published data only}
    1. VanWormer J J, Martinez A M, Benson G A, Crain A L, Martinson B C, Cosentino D L, et al. Telephone counselling and home telemonitoring: the Weigh by Day Trial. Am J Health Behav 2009;33(4):445‐54. - PubMed
Veroff 2013 {published data only}
    1. Veroff DR, Ochoa‐Arvelo T, Venator B. A randomized study of telephonic care support in populations at risk for musculoskeletal preference‐sensitive surgeries. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2013;13(21):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Vivier 2000a {published data only}
    1. Vivier PM, Alario AJ, O'Haire C, Dansereau LM, Jakum EB, Peter G. The impact of outreach efforts in reaching underimmunized children in a Medicaid managed care practice. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 2000;154(12):1243‐7. - PubMed
Vivier 2000b {published data only}
    1. Vivier PM, Alario AJ, O'Haire C, Dansereau LM, Jakum EB, Peter G. The impact of outreach efforts in reaching underimmunized children in a Medicaid managed care practice. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2000;154(12):1243‐7. - PubMed
Wade 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wade M, Ruddy MC, Lonny R, Kummer P, Snyder A, Krakauer R. Impact of interactive home blood pressure monitoring on a hypertensive medicare population. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2010;58(4):651‐2.
Wu 2014a {published data only}
    1. Wu S, Ell K, Gross‐Schulman SG, Sklaroff LM, Katon WJ, Nezu AM, et al. Technology‐facilitated depression care management among predominantly Latino diabetes patients within a public safety net care system: comparative effectiveness trial design. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;37(2):342‐54. - PubMed
Wu 2014b {published data only}
    1. Wu S, Vidyanti I, Liu P, Hawkins C, Ramirez M, Guterman J, et al. Patient‐centered technological assessment and monitoring of depression for low‐income patients. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 2014;37(2):138‐47. - PMC - PubMed
Yoon 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yoon KH, Kim HS. A short message service by cellular phone in type 2 diabetic patients for 12 months. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2008; Vol. 79, issue 2:256‐61. - PubMed
Zhu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zhu SH, Cummins SE, Wong S, Gamst AC, Tedeschi GJ, Reyes‐Nocon J. The effects of a multilingual telephone quitline for Asian smokers: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2012;104(4):299‐310. - PMC - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

Almeida 2014 {published data only}
    1. Almeida FA, Pardo KA, Seidel RW, Davy BM, You W, Wall SS, et al. Design and methods of "diaBEAT‐it!": a hybrid preference/randomised control trial design using the RE‐AIM framework. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;38(2):383‐96. - PMC - PubMed
Ashmore 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ashmore J, Russo R, Peoples J, Sloan J, Jackson BE, Bae S, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management activation research trial (COPD‐SMART): Design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;35(2):77‐86. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Russo R, Coultas D, Ashmore J, Peoples J, Sloan J, Jackson BE, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management activation research trial (COPD‐SMART): results of recruitment and baseline patient characteristics. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;41:192‐201. - PMC - PubMed
Baker 2013 {published data only}
    1. Baker K, Ledingham A, Lavalley MP, Keysor JJ, Felson DT. Automated telephone‐linked communication: a novel approach to enhance long‐term adherence to resistance training exercise among people with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2013;65(Suppl 10):S776.
Droste 2013 {published data only}
    1. Droste DW, Vittore D, Spassova L, Rösch N. ICT‐supported CVD prevention through phone‐based automated lifestyle coaching. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2013;333(Suppl 1):e257.
    1. Spassova L, Vittore D, Droste D, Rosch N. Automated lifestyle coaching for cerebro‐cardiovascular disease prevention. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 2013;190:234‐6. - PubMed
Emmons 2008 {published data only}
    1. Greaney ML, Jesus M, Sprunck‐Harrild KM, Tellez T, Bastani R, Battaglia TA, et al. Designing audience‐centred interactive voice response messages to promote cancer screenings among low‐income Latinas. Preventing Chronic Disease 2014;11:E40. - PMC - PubMed
Estabrooks 2011 {published data only}
    1. Estabrooks PA, Glasgow RE, Xu S, Dzewaltowski DA, Lee RE, Thomas D, et al. Building a multiple modality, theory‐based physical activity intervention: the development of CardiACTION. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2011;12(1):46‐53. - PMC - PubMed
Fellows 2012 {published data only}
    1. Fellows JL, Mularski R, Waiwaiole L, Funkhouser K, Mitchell J, Arnold K, et al. Health and economic effects from linking bedside and outpatient tobacco cessation services for hospitalised smokers in two large hospitals: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2012;13(129):1‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Forster 2015 {published data only}
    1. Forster AJ, Erlanger TE, Jennings A, Auger C, Buckeridge D, Walraven C, et al. Effectiveness of a computerized drug‐monitoring program to detect and prevent adverse drug events and medication non‐adherence in outpatient ambulatory care: Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015;16(2):1‐7. [DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-16-2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Glasgow 2007 {published data only}
    1. Glasgow RE, Christiansen SM, Kurz D, King DK, Woolley T, Faber AJ, et al. Engagement in a diabetes self‐management website: usage patterns and generalizability of program use. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2011;13(1):e9. - PMC - PubMed
Heapy 2011 {published data only}
    1. Egan C, Higgins D, LaChappelle K, Czlapinski R, Kirlin J, Spreyer K, et al. Initial feasibility reports of a novel cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) pain self‐management treatment modality. The Journal of Pain 2014;15(4):S109. [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01025752]
    1. Heapy AA, Higgins DM, LaChappelle KM, Kirlin J, Goulet JL, Czlapinski RA, et al. Cooperative pain education and self‐management (COPES): study design and protocol of a randomized non‐inferiority trial of an interactive voice response‐based self‐management intervention for chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskeletal Disordders 2016;17(85):1‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Kulnawan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kulnawan N, Jiamjarasrangsi W, Suwanwalaikorn S, Kittisopee T, Meksawan K, Thadpitakkul N, et al. Diabetes telephone‐linked care system for self‐management support in Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 2011;94(10):1189‐97. - PubMed
McDaniel 2010 {published data only}
    1. McDaniel AM, Vickerman KA, Stump TE, Monahan PO, Fellows JL, Weaver MT, et al. A randomised controlled trial to prevent smoking relapse among recently quit smokers enrolled in employer and health plan sponsored quitlines. BMJ Open 2015;5(6):e007260. - PMC - PubMed
Mooney 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mooney K, Berry P, Wong B, Donaldson G. Helping cancer‐family caregivers with end‐of‐life home symptom management: Initial evaluation of an automated symptom monitoring and coaching system.. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32(Suppl 31):A85.
Mori 2009 {published data only}
    1. Seligowski AV, Pless Kaiser AP, Niles BL, Mori DL, King LA, King DW. Sleep quality as a potential mediator between psychological distress and diabetes quality of life in veterans with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2013;69(10):1121‐31. - PubMed
NCT00505024 {published data only}
    1. NCT00505024. Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) for Managing Symptoms of Patients Following Thoracic Surgery. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00505024?term=NCT00505024&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT00625638 {published data only}
    1. NCT00625638. Interactive Voice Response System in Advanced Cancer Patients [Symptom Assessment in Advanced Cancer Patients Using an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) System]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00625638?term=NCT00625638&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT00876330 {published data only}
    1. NCT00876330. Improving Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Therapy (CERT2) [CERT‐HIT: A Multimodal Intervention to Improve Antihypertensive and Lipid‐lowering Therapy]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00876330?term=NCT00876330&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01079533 {published data only}
    1. NCT01079533. Initiation of Colon Cancer Screening in Veterans or "Start Screening Now" (SSN) [Initiation of Colon Cancer Screening in Veterans]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01079533?term=NCT01079533&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01120704 {published data only}
    1. NCT01120704. Evaluation of Treatments to Improve Smoking Cessation Medication Adherence. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01120704?term=NCT01120704&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01125371 {published data only}
    1. NCT01125371. Computerized Brief Alcohol Intervention (BI) for Binge Drinking HIV At‐Risk and Infected Women. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01125371?term=NCT01125371&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01131143 {published data only}
    1. NCT01131143. Trial of Provider‐to‐Patient Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Calls to Improve Weight Management in Community Health Centers (CHCs). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01131143?term=NCT01131143&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01188135 {published data only}
    1. NCT01188135. Antidepressant Adherence via Telephonic Interactive Voice Recognition (IVR). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01188135?term=NCT01188135&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01199666 {published data only}
    1. NCT01199666. Text Message Reminder‐Recalls For Early Childhood Vaccination [Text 4 Health‐Kids: Text Message Reminder‐Recalls For Early Childhood Vaccination]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01199666?term=NCT01199666&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01229722 {published data only}
    1. NCT01229722. ARemind: A Personalized System to Remind for Adherence (ARemind). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01229722?term=NCT01229722&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01260207 {published data only}
    1. NCT01260207. Using IVR to Maintain ACS Patients on Best Practice Guidelines (IVR‐ACS BPG) [Using Interactive Voice Response to Improve Disease Management and Compliance With Acute Coronary Syndrome Best Practice Guidelines]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01260207?term=NCT01260207&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01484717 {published data only}
    1. NCT01484717. Interactive Voice Response Technology to Mobilize Contingency Management for Smoking Cessation. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01484717 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01530958 {published data only}
    1. NCT01530958. Kidney Awareness Registry and Education (KARE) [The Kidney Awareness Registry and Education Study]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530958?term=NCT01530958&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2015).
NCT01609842 {published data only}
    1. NCT01609842. Hybrid Effectiveness‐Implementation Study to Improve Clopidogrel Adherence. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01609842?term=NCT01609842&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01672385 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT01672385. Improving Transition Outcomes Through Accessible Health IT and Caregiver Support. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01672385?term=NCT01672385&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01672398 {published data only}
    1. NCT01672398. Trial of the CarePartner Program for Improving the Quality of Transition Support. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01672398?term=NCT01672398&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2015).
NCT01700894 {published data only}
    1. NCT01700894. Women's Walking Program (WWP3) [Reducing Health Disparities in African American Women: Lifestyle Physical Activity Adherence]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01700894?term=NCT01700894&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01701791 {published data only}
    1. NCT01701791. Telemedicine for Depression in Primary Care [The Efficacy of Telemedicine for Improving Depression Outcomes in Primary Care]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01701791?term=NCT01701791&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01706380 {published data only}
    1. NCT01706380. 3M Study ‐ Maria Malmö Mobile Telephone Study [A Randomized Controlled Trial of Interactive Voice Response With and Without Personal Feedback in the Treatment of Adolescents With Substance Use Disorders]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01706380?term=NCT01706380&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01737073; NCT02508285 {published data only}
    1. NCT02508285. Comprehensive Opioid Management in Patient Aligned Care Teams (COMPACT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01737073?term=NCT02508285&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01756001 {published data only}
    1. NCT01756001. GlowCaps Adherence Randomized Control Trial [Using Behavioral Economics to Promote Medication Adherence and Habit Formation]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01756001?term=NCT01756001&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01778751 {published data only}
    1. NCT01778751. Advanced Comprehensive Diabetes Care for Veterans With Poorly‐Controlled Diabetes. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01778751?term=NCT01778751&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01794988 {published data only}
    1. NCT01794988. Can Therapy Alter CNS Processing of Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Study. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01794988?term=NCT01794988&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01852656 {published data only}
    1. NCT01852656. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine Reminder Systems. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01852656?term=NCT01852656&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01900561 {published data only}
    1. NCT01900561. Optimizing Veteran‐Centered Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01900561?term=NCT01900561&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01940016 {published data only}
    1. NCT01940016. Communication & Peer Support Effects on Physical Activity in Overweight Postmenopausal Women (BePHIT) [A Feasibility Study on the Effects of Tailored Communication and Health Coach Support on Physical Activity in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: BePHIT]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01940016?term=NCT01940016&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01953653 {published data only}
    1. NCT01953653. Feasibility of Using a Structured Daily Diary [Feasibility of Using a Structured Daily Diary to Assess Mood, Stressful Events, Support, Substance Use, and Sexual Behavior in HIV‐Positive Young Men Who Have Sex With Men]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01953653?term=NCT01953653&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT01958359 {published data only}
    1. NCT01958359. Screening and Brief Intervention Via IVR for Problematic Use of Alcohol: A Randomized Controlled Trial. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01958359?term=NCT01958359&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT01973946 {published data only}
    1. NCT01973946. Cancer Symptom Monitoring Telephone System With Nurse Practitioner (NP) Follow up [Telephone Linked Care: An IT Enabled Integrated System for Cancer Symptom Relief]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01973946?term=NCT01973946&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02001129 {published data only}
    1. NCT02001129. Improving Follow‐Up Adherence in a Primary Eye Care Setting [Improving Follow‐Up Adherence in a Primary Eye Care Setting: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02001129?term=NCT02001129&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02043184 {published data only}
    1. NCT02043184. Improving Adherence to Oral Cancer Agents and Self Care of Symptoms Using an IVR. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02043184?term=NCT02043184&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02056002 {published data only}
    1. NCT02056002. Peer‐Driven Intervention for Sleep Apnea (PCORI) [Peer‐Driven Intervention as an Alternate Model of Care Delivery and Coordination for Sleep Apnea]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02056002?term=NCT02056002&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02118454 {published data only}
    1. NCT02118454. Antiretroviral Adherence and Quality‐of‐life Support for HIV+ Patients in India With Twice‐daily Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Calls With Health and Mental Health Messaging Compared to Weekly IVR Survey Only Control Condition: The Mobile‐messaging Adherence and Support for Health Study, India. (MASHIndia) [ART Adherence Behaviour and Practices Among HIV Positives in Kolkata, India‐a Pilot Project]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02118454?term=NCT02118454&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT02124980 {published data only}
    1. NCT02124980. Automated Recovery Line for Medication Assisted Treatment. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02124980?term=NCT02124980&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02204956 {published data only}
    1. NCT02204956. Smoking Cessation Following Psychiatric Hospitalization [Extended Care for Smoking Cessation Following Psychiatric Hospitalization]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02204956?term=NCT02204956&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02240420 {published data only}
    1. NCT02240420. Diabetes Prevention Among Post‐partum Women With History of Gestational Diabetes (Star‐Mama) [Reaching High Risk Post‐partum Women for Nutritional Assessment and Counseling Via a Telephone‐based Coaching Program]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02240420?term=NCT02240420&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02266277 {published data only}
    1. NCT02266277. System Alignment for VaccinE Delivery (SAVED): Improving Rates of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Through Patient Outreach, Improved Medical Record Accuracy and Targeted Physician Alerts. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02266277?term=NCT02266277&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02328326 {published data only}
    1. NCT02328326. Caring Others Increasing EngageMent in PACT (CO‐IMPACT) [Engaging Veterans and Family Supporters in PACT to Improve Diabetes Management]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02328326?term=NCT02328326&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02360605 {published data only}
    1. NCT02360605. Health Literacy Interventions to Overcome Disparities in CRC Screening. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02360605 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02382731 {published data only}
    1. NCT02382731. Previous Study | Return to List | Next StudyInterventions to Support Long‐Term Adherence aNd Decrease Cardiovascular Events Post‐Myocardial Infarction (ISLAND). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02382731?term=NCT02382731&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02429297 {published data only}
    1. NCT02429297. Developing Accessible Telehealth Programs for Diabetes and Hypertension Management in Bolivia. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02429297?term=NCT02429297&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
NCT02442089 {published data only}
    1. NCT02442089. Impact of Automated Calls on Pediatric Patient Attendance in Chile (Health Call) [Health Call: A Randomized Control Trial of Interactive Automated Reminder Calls to Reduce Failure to Attend Rates at an Urban Referral Hospital in Chile]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02442089?term=NCT02442089&rank=1 (accessed 10 November 2016).
NCT02478359 {published data only}
    1. NCT02478359. Walk On! Physical Activity Coaching [Patient‐Centered Physical Activity Coaching in COPD: A Pragmatic Trial]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02478359?term=NCT02478359&rank=1 (accessed10 November 2016).
Ratanawongsa 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ratanawongsa N, Handley MA, Quan J, Sarkar U, Pfeifer K, Soria C, et al. Quasi‐experimental trial of diabetes Self‐Management Automated and Real‐Time Telephonic Support (SMARTSteps) in a Medicaid managed care plan: study protocol. BMC Health Services Research 2012;12(22):1‐13. - PMC - PubMed
Reid 2015 {published data only}
    1. Reid ZZ, Regan S, Kelley JH, Streck JM, Ylioja T, Tindle HA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of post‐discharge strategies for hospitalised smokers: study protocol for the Helping HAND 2 randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2015;15(109):1‐12. - PMC - PubMed
Ritchie 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ritchie C, Richman J, Sobko H, Bodner E, Phillips B, Houston T. The E‐Coach transition support computer telephony implementation study: protocol of a randomised trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2012;33(6):1172‐9. - PubMed
Silveira 2010 {published data only}
    1. Silveira MJ, Given CW, Cease KB, Sikorskii A, Given B, Northouse LL, et al. Cancer Carepartners: Improving patients' symptom management by engaging informal caregivers. BMC Palliative Care 2011;10(21):1‐11. [NCT00983892] - PMC - PubMed
Smith 2013 {published data only}
    1. Smith C, Ngo TD, Edwards P, Free C. MObile Technology for Improved Family planning: update to randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials 2014;15(440):1‐3. [NCT01823861] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Smith C, Vannak U, Sokhey L, Ngo TD, Gold J, Khut K, et al. MObile Technology for Improved Family planning services (MOTIF): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2013;14(427):1‐9. [NCT01823861] - PMC - PubMed
Te Boveldt 2011 {published data only}
    1. Boveldt N, Engels Y, Besse K, Vissers K, Vernooij‐Dassen M. Rationale, design, and implementation protocol of the Dutch clinical practice guideline pain in patients with cancer: a cluster randomised controlled trial with Short Message Service (SMS) and Interactive Voice Response (IVR). Implementation Science: IS 2011;6:126. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Boveldt ND, Engels Y, Besse TC, Vissers KCP, Vernooij‐Dassen MJ. Implementation of the dutch clinical practice guideline pain in patients with cancer: A clustered randomised controlled trial with short message service (SMS) and interactive voice response (IVR). Palliative Medicine 2012;26(4):455‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Wright 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wright JA, Quintiliani LM, Turner‐McGrievy GM, Migneault JP, Heeren T, Friedman RH. Comparison of two theory‐based, fully automated telephone interventions designed to maintain dietary change in healthy adults: study protocol of a three‐arm randomised controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols 2014;3(4):e62. - PMC - PubMed

Additional references

Abraham 2008
    1. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology 2008;27(3):379‐87. - PubMed
Abu‐Hasaballah 2007
    1. Abu‐Hasaballah A, James A, Aseltine HR Jr. Lessons and pitfalls of interactive voice response in medical research. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2007;28(5):593‐602. - PubMed
Ajzen 1985
    1. Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Beckmann J editor(s). Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. New York: Springer‐Verlag, 1985:11‐39.
Bandura 2001
    1. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 2001;52:1‐26. - PubMed
Baranowski 2012
    1. Baranowski T, Frankel L. Gaming and technology for weight control and health promotion in children. Childhood Obesity 2012;8(1):34‐7. - PubMed
Barlow 2002
    1. Barlow J, Wright C, Sheasby J, Turner A, Hainsworth J. Self‐management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review. Patient Education and Counseling 2002;48(2):177‐87. - PubMed
Car 2004
    1. Car J, Sheikh A. Email consultations in health care: 1‐scope and effectiveness. BMJ 2004;329(7643):435‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Carolan 2014
    1. Carolan I, Smith T, Hall A, Swallow VM. Emerging communities of child‐healthcare practice in the management of long‐term conditions such as chronic kidney disease: qualitative study of parents' accounts. BMC Health Services Research 2014;14(292):1‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Cash‐Gibson 2012
    1. Cash‐Gibson L, Felix LM, Minorikawa N, Pappas Y, Gunn LH, Majeed A, Atun R, Car J. Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012;Art. No.: CD009921. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009921(7). - PMC - PubMed
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination 2008
    1. University of York, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Systematic reviews: CRDs guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/pdf/Systematic_Reviews.pdf (accessed prior to 30 October 2016).
Chandler 2013
    1. Chandler J, Churchill R, Higgins J, Lasserson T, Tovey D. Methodological Standards for the Conduct of New Cochrane Intervention Reviews Booklet Version 1. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2013. Available from editorial‐unit.cochrane.org/sites/editorial‐unit.cochrane.org/files/uploads/PLSBoo....
Corkrey 2002b
    1. Corkrey R, Parkinson L. Interactive voice response: review of studies 1989‐2000. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers 2002;34(3):342‐53. - PubMed
Delichatsios 2001
    1. Delichatsios HK, Friedman RH, Glanz K, Tennstedt S, Smigelski C, Pinto BM, et al. Randomized trial of a "talking computer" to improve adults' eating habits. American Journal of Health Promotion 2001;15(4):215‐24. - PubMed
Demain 2015
    1. Demain S, Goncalves AC, Areia C, Oliveira R, Marcos AJ, Marques A, et al. Living with, managing and minimising treatment burden in long term conditions: a systematic review of qualitative research. PLOS ONE 2015;10(5):e0125457. - PMC - PubMed
Edelman 2000
    1. Edelman JR. Psychosocial Aspects of the Health Care Process. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2000.
Egger 1997
    1. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315(7109):629‐34. - PMC - PubMed
EndNote 2015 [Computer program]
    1. Thomson Reuters [Computer program]. Version X7.3 for Windows. Philadelphia: Clarivate Analytics, 2015.
Family Health Teams 2006
    1. Family Health Teams. Advancing primary health care: guide to health promotion and disease prevention. Family Health Teams 2006:1‐12.
Fisher 2007
    1. Fisher L, Glasgow RE. A call for more effectively integrating behavioral and social science principles into comprehensive diabetes care. Diabetes Care 2007;30(10):2746‐9. - PubMed
Galdas 2015
    1. Galdas P, Darwin Z, Fell J, Kidd L, Bower P, Blickem C, et al. A systematic review and meta ethnography to identify how effective, cost‐effective, accessible and acceptable self‐management support interventions are for men with long‐term conditions (SELF‐MAN). Health Services and Delivery Research 2015;3(34):1‐336. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr03340] - DOI
Gammon 2015
    1. Gammon D, Berntsen GK, Koricho AT, Sygna K, Ruland C. The chronic care model and technological research and innovation: a scoping review at the crossroads. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015;17(2):e25. - PMC - PubMed
Gee 2015
    1. Gee PM, Greenwood DA, Paterniti DA, Ward D, Miller LM. The eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model: a theory derivation approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2015;17(4):e86. - PMC - PubMed
Glasgow 2004
    1. Glasgow ER, Bull SS, Piette JD, Steiner JF. Interactive behaviour change technology: a partial solution to the competing demands of primary care. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2004;27(2):80‐7. - PubMed
Glenton 2010
    1. Glenton C, Santesso N, Rosenbaum S, Stromme Nilsen E, Radar T, Ciapponi A, et al. Presenting the results of Cochrane systematic reviews to a consumer audience: a qualitative study. Medical Decision Making 2010;30(5):566‐77. - PubMed
Gourlan 2015
    1. Gourlan M, Bernard P, Bortolon C, Romain AJ, Lareyre O, Carayol M, et al. Efficacy of theory‐based interventions to promote physical activity. a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Health Psychology Review 2016;10(1):50‐66. - PubMed
GRADEpro 2016 [Computer program]
    1. GRADEprofiler [Computer program on www.gradepro.org]. McMaster University, 2014, Version [2016].
Gullotta 2014
    1. Gullotta TP, Bloom M. The Encyclopaedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. 2nd Edition. Springer US, 2014.
Gurol‐Urganci 2013
    1. Gurol‐Urganci I, Jongh T, Vodopivec‐Jamsek V, Atun R, Car J. Mobile phone messaging reminders for attendance at healthcare appointments. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007458.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Haluza 2015
    1. Haluza D, Jungwirth D. ICT and the future of health care: aspects of health promotion. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2015;84(1):48‐57. - PubMed
Hardeman 2005
    1. Hardeman W, Sutton S, Griffin S, Johnston M, White A, Wareham NJ, et al. A causal modelling approach to the development of theory‐based behaviour change programmes for trial evaluation. Health Education Research 2005;20(6):676‐87. - PubMed
Higgins 2008
    1. Higgins JP, White IR, Wood AM. Imputation methods for missing outcome data in meta‐analysis of clinical trials. Clinical Trials 2008;5(3):225‐39. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Jackson 2005
    1. Jackson N, Waters E. Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions: for the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews in Health Promotion and Public Health Taskforce. Health Promotion International 2005;20(4):367‐74. - PubMed
Jekauc 2015
    1. Jekauc D, Volkle M, Wagner MO, Mess F, Reiner M, Renner B. Prediction of attendance at fitness center: a comparison between the theory of planned behavior, the social cognitive theory, and the physical activity maintenance theory. Frontiers in Psychology 2015;6(121):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Kelly 2009
    1. Kelly MP, Stewart E, Morgan A, Killoran A, Fischer A, Threlfall A, et al. A conceptual framework for public health: NICE's emerging approach. Public Health 2009;123(1):e14‐e20. - PubMed
Krauss 2001
    1. Krauss, RM. The psychology of verbal communication. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier, 2001:16161‐5.
Krishna 2002
    1. Krishna S, Balas EA, Boren SA, Maglaveras N. Patient acceptance of educational voice messages: a review of controlled clinical studies. Methods of Information in Medicine 2002;41(5):360‐9. - PubMed
Krupinski 2006
    1. Krupinski E, Dimmick S, Grigsby J, Mogel G, Puskin D, Speedie S, et al. Research recommendations for the American Telemedicine Association. Telemedicine Journal and E‐health 2006;12(5):579‐89. - PubMed
Lee 2003
    1. Lee H, Friedman ME, Cukor P, Ahern D. Interactive voice response system (IVRS) in health care services. Nursing Outlook 2003;51(6):277‐83. - PubMed
Lee 2011
    1. Lee A, Siu CF, Leung KT, Lau LCH, Chan CCM, Wong KK. General practice and social service partnership for better clinical outcomes, patient self efficacy and lifestyle behaviours of diabetic care: randomised control trial of a chronic care model. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2011;87(1032):688‐93. - PubMed
Leventhal 1984
    1. Leventhal H, Nerenz DR, Steele DJ. Illness representations and coping with health threats. In: Baum A, Taylor SE, Singer JE editor(s). Handbook of Psychology and Health. Vol. 4, Hilsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1984.
Lewin 2015
    1. Lewin S, Noyes J, Chandler J, Hendry M on behalf of the iCAT_SR group. Improving understanding of intervention complexity: the Intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (iCAT_SR). 2013.colloquium.cochrane.org/abstracts/improving‐understanding‐intervent... (accessed 10 November 2016).
Lieberman 2012
    1. Lieberman G, Naylor MR. Interactive voice response technology for symptom monitoring and as an adjunct to the treatment of chronic pain. Translational Behavioural Medicine 2012;2(1):93‐101. - PMC - PubMed
Liu 2014
    1. Liu Q, Abba K, Alejandria MM, Sinclair D, Balanag VM, Lansang MA. Reminder systems to improve patient adherence to tuberculosis clinic appointments for diagnosis and treatment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006594.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Maheu 2001
    1. Maheu MM, Whitten P, Allen A. E‐Health, Telehealth, and Telemedicine. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass, 2001.
McCorkle 2011
    1. McCorkle R, Ercolano E, Lazenby M, Schulman‐Green D, Schilling LS, Lorig K, et al. Self‐management: enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2011;61(1):50‐62. - PMC - PubMed
Michie 2009
    1. Michie S, Abraham C, Whittington C, McAteer J, Gupta S. Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta‐regression. Health Psychology 2009;28(6):690‐701. - PubMed
Michie 2010
    1. Michie S, Prestwich A. Are interventions theory‐based? Development of a theory coding scheme. Health Psychology 2010;29(1):1‐8. - PubMed
Michie 2011
    1. Michie S, Hyder N, Walia A, West R. Development of a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques used in individual behavioural support for smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors 2011;36(4):315‐9. - PubMed
Mundt 2001
    1. Mundt JC, Ferber KL, Rizzo M, Greist JH. Computer‐automated dementia screening using a touch tone telephone. Archives of Internal Medicine 2001;161(20):2481‐7. - PubMed
O'Dowd 2014
    1. O'Dowd A. NHS plans new workforce for long term conditions. BMJ 2014;349:g5667. - PubMed
Oake 2009b
    1. Oake N, Jennings A, Walraven C, Forster AJ. Interactive voice response systems for improving delivery of ambulatory care. American Journal of Managed Care 2009;15(6):383‐91. - PubMed
Pappas 2011
    1. Pappas Y, Car J. Emerging technologies for health communication. In: Hill S editor(s). The Knowledgeable Patient: Communication and Participation in Health. Oxford: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2011:208‐17.
Piatt 2006
    1. Piatt GA, Orchard TJ, Emerson S, Simmons D, Songer T, Brooks MM, et al. Translating the chronic care model into the community: results from a randomised controlled trial of a multifaceted diabetes care intervention. Diabetes Care 2006;29(4):811‐7. [DOI: 10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1785] - DOI - PubMed
Piette 2007
    1. Piette JD. Interactive behavior change technology to support diabetes self‐management: where do we stand?. Diabetes Care 2007;30(10):2425‐32. [DOI: 10.2337/dc07-1046] - DOI - PubMed
Piette 2012c
    1. Piette JD, Lun KC, Moura LA, Fraser HS, Mechael PN, Powell J, et al. Impacts of e‐health on the outcomes of care in low‐ and middle‐income countries: where do we go from here?. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2012;90(5):365‐72. - PMC - PubMed
Prochaska 1984
    1. Prochaska J, DiClemente C. The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones‐Irwin, 1984.
Puskin 2010
    1. Puskin DS, Cohen Z, Ferguson AS, Krupinski E, Spaulding R. Implementation and evaluation of telehealth tools and technologies. Telemedicine Journal and E‐Health 2010;16(1):96‐102. - PubMed
Reidel 2008
    1. Reidel K, Tamblyn R, Patel V, Huang A. Pilot study of an interactive voice response system to improve medication refill compliance. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2008;9(8):46. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-8-46] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
RevMan 2014 [Computer program]
    1. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Rodgers 2009
    1. Rodgers M, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Roberts H, Britten N, et al. Testing methodological guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: effectiveness of interventions to promote smoke alarm ownership and function. Evaluation 2009;15(1):49‐73.
Rosen 2015
    1. Rosen RC, Stephens‐Shields AJ, Cunningham GR, Cifelli D, Cella D, Farrar JT, et al. Comparison of interactive voice response (IVR) with paper administration of instruments to assess functional status, sexual function, and quality of life in elderly men. Quality of Life Research 2016;25(4):811‐21. - PMC - PubMed
Rosenstock 1974
    1. Rosenstock I. Historical origins of the Health Belief Model. Health Education Monographs 1974;2(4):336‐53. - PubMed
Ryan 2011
    1. Ryan R, Hill S, Prictor M, McKenzie J, Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group. Study Quality Guide. www.latrobe.edu.au/chcp/assets/downloads/StudyQualityGuide_May2011.pdf (accessed 24 April 2015).
Ryan 2009
    1. Ryan R, Hill S, Broclain D, Horey D, Oliver S, Prictor M, Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group. Study Design Guide. www.latrobe.edu.au/chcp/cochrane/resources.html (accessed 24 May 2011).
Sawmynaden 2012
    1. Sawmynaden P, Atherton H, Majeed A, Car J. Email for the provision of information on disease prevention and health promotion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007982.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Schroder 2009
    1. Schroder EEK, Johnson JC. Interactive voice response technology to measure HIV‐related behaviour. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2009;6(4):210‐6. - PubMed
Schünemann 2011
    1. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JPT, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Guyatt GH. Presenting results and 'Summary of findings' tables. In: In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available at www.cochrane‐handbook.org. [ Available at www.cochrane‐handbook.org; accessed 26.03.2015]
Ukoumunne 1999
    1. Ukoumunne OC, Gulliford MC, Chinn S, Sterne JA, Burney PG. Methods for evaluating area‐wide and organisation‐based interventions in health and health care: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment 1999;3(5):iii‐92. - PubMed
Van Velthoven 2013
    1. Van‐Velthoven MH, Tudor Car L, Gentry S, Car J. Telephone delivered interventions for preventing HIV infection in HIV‐negative persons. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009190.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Vo 2015
    1. Vo PT, Bogg T. Testing Theory of Planned Behavior and Neo‐Socioanalytic Theory models of trait activity, industriousness, exercise social cognitions, exercise intentions, and physical activity in a representative U.S. sample. Frontiers in Psychology 2015;6:1114. - PMC - PubMed
Vodopivec‐Jamsek 2012
    1. Vodopivec‐Jamsek V, Jongh T, Gurol‐Urganci I, Atun R, Car J. Mobile phone messaging for preventive health care. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007457.pub2] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Wagner 2002
    1. Wagner EH, Davis C, Schaefer J, Korff M, Austin B. A survey of leading chronic disease management programs: are they consistent with the literature?. Journal of Nursing Care Quality 2002;16(2):67‐80. - PubMed
Webb 2006
    1. Webb M, Howson H. International overview of the evidence on effective service models in chronic disease management. wales.gov.uk/topics/health/publications/health/reports/internatoverviewc... (accessed 26 May 2011).
Webb 2010
    1. Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S. Using the Internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2010;12(1):e4. - PMC - PubMed
Williams 2001
    1. Williams C, Whitfield G. Written and computer‐based self‐help treatments for depression. British Medical Bulletin 2001;57(1):133‐44. - PubMed
World Bank 2012
    1. The World Bank. World development report 2012. World development report 2012. Vol. ISBN: 978‐0‐8213‐8825‐9, Washington, DC, 2012.

References to other published versions of this review

Cash‐Gibson
    1. Cash‐Gibson L, Felix LM, Minorikawa N, Pappas Y, Gunn LH, Majeed A, et al. Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009921] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types