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. 2016 Nov;27(supp1):3-8.
doi: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.3.1.

The Effect of Macrocyclic Lactones-Ivermectin Exposure on Egg Hatching and Larval Development of Caenorhabditis elegans

Mariani Mohd Zain  1 , Zary Shariman Yahaya  1 , Nik Ahmad Irwan Izzauddin Nik Him  1
Affiliations

The Effect of Macrocyclic Lactones-Ivermectin Exposure on Egg Hatching and Larval Development of Caenorhabditis elegans

Mariani Mohd Zain et al. Trop Life Sci Res. 2016 Nov.

Abstract

To date, the ivermectin resistance in nematode parasites has been reported and many studies are carried out to determine the causes of this problem. A free-living Caenorhabditis elegans is used as a model system for this study to investigate the response of C. elegans to ivermectin exposure by using larval development assay. Worms were exposed to ivermectin at concentration from 1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a control. The developments of the worms were monitored for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours until the worms become adults. Results indicated that worms' growth began to be affected by ivermectin at a concentration of 5 ng/mL, while at the concentration of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 ng/mL, the growth of worms were inhibited compared to control worms. Further study of the protein expression in C. elegans should be done to investigate the up-regulated and down-regulated proteins involve in ivermectin resistance.

Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Ivermectin; Ivermectin Resistance; Macrocyclic Lactone; Nematode Parasite.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Percentage of worm growth of C. elegans DA1316 and Bristol N2 after 48 hours exposed to ivermectin at different concentrations from 1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. After 48 hours, the larvae should be in stage L3. All larvae of DA1316 have grown to L3 larvae. For N2, the larval development was distracted at 5 ng/Ml; (N=25).
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Percentage of worm growth of C. elegans DA1316 and Bristol N2 after 72 hours exposed to ivermectin at different concentrations from 1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. After 72 hours, the larvae should be in stage L4. All larvae of DA1316 have grown to L4 larvae. For N2, 70% of worms at a ivermectin concentration of 5 ng/mL have grown to L4 larvae. However, worms were slowly growing at 6 to 10 ng/mL, and no L4 larvae were observed; (N=25).
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Percentage of worm growth of C. elegans DA1316 and Bristol N2 after 96 hours exposed to ivermectin at different concentrations from 1 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL. After 96 hours, the larvae should become an adult and be able to lay the eggs. Worms of DA1316 were grown to adults completely. For N2, no adult was observed at a ivermectin concentration of 6 ng/mL and above; (N=25).
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