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Review
. 2016 Nov 30:3:102.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00102. eCollection 2016.

Challenges of Generating and Maintaining Protective Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Nicholas A Lyons  1 , Young S Lyoo  2 , Donald P King  3 , David J Paton  3
Affiliations
Review

Challenges of Generating and Maintaining Protective Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs

Nicholas A Lyons et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Vaccination can play a central role in the control of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) by reducing both the impact of clinical disease and the extent of virus transmission between susceptible animals. Recent incursions of exotic FMD virus lineages into several East Asian countries have highlighted the difficulties of generating and maintaining an adequate immune response in vaccinated pigs. Factors that impact vaccine performance include (i) the potency, antigenic payload, and formulation of a vaccine; (ii) the antigenic match between the vaccine and the heterologous circulating field strain; and (iii) the regime (timing, frequency, and herd-level coverage) used to administer the vaccine. This review collates data from studies that have evaluated the performance of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines at the individual and population level in pigs and identifies research priorities that could provide new insights to improve vaccination in the future.

Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease; immunity; pigs; vaccination.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the reasons for a failure in vaccination divided into “vaccine failure” and “failure to vaccinate.” Adapted from Ref. (13).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gross pathology lesion of an injection-site granuloma in the neck region of a pig from the Republic of Korea.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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