Nailfold capillaroscopic parameters and skin telangiectasia patterns in patients with systemic sclerosis

Abstract

Objective: To correlate nailfold capillaroscopic parameters with the presence of skin telangiectases (TAs) in systemic sclerosis patients (SSc).

Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients (28 women and 5 men, mean age 59±21years) affected by SSc according to the ACR/EULAR criteria, 30 with limited (lcSSc) and 3 with diffuse (dcSSc) skin disease, displaying the presence of skin TAs on face, hands, forearms, neck, and décolleté were recruited. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) was performed to classify the patients into one of the three main patterns of SSc microangiopathy ("early", "active", "late"), and to calculate the microangiopathy evolution score (MES). SSc patients underwent also dermoscopy (DS) for the analysis of the TA score and patterns (spot or reticular). Possible correlations between clinical findings, serum autoantibodies, TA patterns and both NVC patterns and MES were investigated.

Results: The "late" NVC pattern was found associated with a highest total number of TAs (p=0.005): in particular both "spot" and "reticular" TA patterns were found equally distributed in SSc patients with the "late" pattern. High MES values were found associated with the highest total number of TAs (p=0.003), with the "reticular" but not with the "spot" DS pattern (p=0.003) and with the "late" pattern of microangiopathy (p=0.001).

Conclusions: The severity of nailfold microangiopathy seems to correlate in SSc patients with both progressive cutaneous microvascular abnormalities and Medsger's severity score, as evaluated by NVC analysis and DS. The assessment of the microvascular damage may be useful not only during the onset of SSc for the early diagnosis, but also to monitor its evolution.

Keywords: Dermoscopy; Microangiopathy evolution score; Microvascular damage; Nailfold videocapillaroscopy; Systemic sclerosis; Telangiectases.