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Review
. 2016 Dec 9:13:92.
doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0153-3. eCollection 2016.

Nutritional modulation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: a review

Alexandra M Bodnaruc  1 , Denis Prud'homme  2 , Rosanne Blanchet  3 , Isabelle Giroux  4
Affiliations
Review

Nutritional modulation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: a review

Alexandra M Bodnaruc et al. Nutr Metab (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: The positive influences of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on blood glucose homeostasis, appetite sensations, and food intake provide a strong rationale for its therapeutic potential in the nutritional management of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To summarize GLP-1 physiology and the nutritional modulation of its secretion in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes management.

Findings: GLP-1 is mainly synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine L-cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Its secretion is partly mediated by the direct nutrient sensing by G-protein coupled receptors which specifically bind to monosaccharides, peptides and amino-acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as to short chain fatty acids. Foods rich in these nutrients, such as high-fiber grain products, nuts, avocados and eggs also seem to influence GLP-1 secretion and may thus promote associated beneficial outcomes in healthy individuals as well as individuals with type 2 diabetes or with other metabolic disturbances.

Conclusion: The stimulation of endogenous GLP-1 secretion by manipulating the composition of the diet may be a relevant strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes management. A better understanding of the dose-dependent effects as well as the synergistic effects of nutrients and whole foods is needed in order to develop recommendations to appropriately modify the diet to enhance GLP-1 beneficial effects.

Keywords: Appetite regulation; Blood glucose; Diet; Enteroendocrine L-cells; G-protein coupled receptors.

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