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Review
. 2017 Oct;69(10):1449-1459.
doi: 10.1002/acr.23163. Epub 2017 Aug 29.

Challenges of Diagnosing Cognitive Dysfunction With Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Childhood

Ashwaq AlE'ed  1 , Patricia Vega-Fernandez  2 , Eyal Muscal  3 , Claas H Hinze  4 , Lori B Tucker  5 , Simone Appenzeller  6 , Brigitte Bader-Meunier  7 , Johannes Roth  8 , Vicenç Torrente-Segarra  9 , Marisa S Klein-Gitelman  10 , Deborah M Levy  11 , Tresa Roebuck-Spencer  12 , Hermine I Brunner  13 ; CARRA Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Working Group
Affiliations
Review

Challenges of Diagnosing Cognitive Dysfunction With Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Childhood

Ashwaq AlE'ed et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Oct.

Abstract

The diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus disease (NPSLE) is challenging. The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) has been shown to be an accessible and promising tool for evaluating possible NPSLE in adult and childhood lupus. In this review, we present information about the development and use of Ped-ANAM; the benefit of using Ped-ANAM in children with and without NPSLE in the assessment and follow up of their disease condition; and the correlation of Ped-ANAM to imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PedANAM was validated in children with cSLE in different studies. Cognitive performance can be a challenging clinical feature to efficiently assess. However, research with the Ped-ANAM has produced a Cognitive Performance Score (CPS) that allows for a reliable and efficient estimation of cognitive ability and the presence of cognitive limitations that children with cSLE may show. Compared with traditional neurocognitive assessment tools, Ped-ANAM-CPS offers a promising alternative to overcome the difficulties that practitioners previously faced.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationship of PedANAM performance and Brain Imaging in cSLE
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ped-ANAM Performance throughput Report - Case examples
Figure 3
Figure 3
PedANAM-CPSPCA and CPSmulitscore values over time in patients with NPSLE
Figure 3
Figure 3
PedANAM-CPSPCA and CPSmulitscore values over time in patients with NPSLE
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Muscal E, et al. Cognitive impairment in children with systemic lupus erythematosus: Assessing diagnostic practices and research needs in the CARRA network. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008;58(9):S250–S251.
    1. Ainiala H, et al. Validity of the new American College of Rheumatology criteria for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes: a population-based evaluation. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;45(5):419–23. - PubMed
    1. ACR NPSLE Criteria The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(4):599–608. - PubMed
    1. Hanly JG, et al. A prospective analysis of cognitive function and anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(4):728–34. - PubMed

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