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Editorial
. 2016 Nov;6(1):1-12.
doi: 10.1159/000449342. Epub 2016 Nov 29.

Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2017 Update

M Kudo  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2017 Update

M Kudo. Liver Cancer. 2016 Nov.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The cancer-immunity cycle. The generation of immunity to cancer is a cyclic process that leads to an accumulation of immune-stimulatory factors. This cycle can be divided into seven major steps, starting with the release of antigens from cancer cells and ending with the killing of cancer cells. CTLs=cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Reproduced with permission from Chen DS, et al. [10]
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Immune checkpoint molecule: PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4. Immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 play an important role in the immune escape of cancer cells from activated CD8-positive T cells. MHC=major histocompatibility complex; IFNγR=interferon gamma receptor.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Immune checkpoint blockade: anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti CTLA-4 antibody. Anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies restore cytotoxic T cell activity, resulting in tumor attack by perforin and granzyme.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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