Similar outcomes between adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast and invasive ductal carcinoma: a population-based study from the SEER 18 database

Abstract

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (breast-ACC) is a rare and indolent tumor with a good prognosis despite its triple-negative status. However, we observed different outcomes in the present study. Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we enrolled a total of 89,937 eligible patients with an estimated 86 breast-ACC cases and 89,851 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. In our study, breast-ACC among women presented with a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which was more likely to feature well-differentiated tumors, rare regional lymph node involvement and greater application of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with breast-ACC and breast-IDC patients had similar breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). Moreover, using the propensity score matching method, no significant difference in survival was observed in matched pairs of breast-ACC and breast-IDC patients. Additionally, BCSS and OS did not differ significantly between TNBC-ACC and TNBC-IDC after matching patients for age, tumor size, and nodal status. Further subgroup analysis of molecular subtype indicated improved survival in breast-ACC patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/Her2-) tumors compared to IDC patients with HR+/Her2- tumors. However, the survival of ACC-TNBC and IDC-TNBC patients was similar. In conclusion, ACCs have an indolent clinical course and result in similar outcomes compared to IDC. Understanding these clinical characteristics and outcomes will endow doctors with evidence to provide the same intensive treatment for ACC-TNBC as for IDC-TNBC and lead to more individualized and tailored therapies for breast-ACC patients.

Keywords: adenoid cystic carcinoma; breast cancer-specific survival; invasive ductal carcinoma; overall survival.

Figure 1

Kaplan–Meier curves of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, A) and overall survival (OS, B) based on histology for all patients, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) vs. invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Figure 2

Kaplan–Meier curves of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, A) and overall survival (OS, B) by histology for 1:1 matched group, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) vs. invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Figure 3

Kaplan–Meier curves of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, A) and overall survival (OS, B) based on histology for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) vs. invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Figure 4

Kaplan–Meier curves of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS, A) and overall survival (OS, B) based on histology for 1:1 matched triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) vs. invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).