Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101

. 2016 Dec 9;117(24):241101.

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

M G Aartsen¹, K Abraham², M Ackermann³, J Adams⁴, J A Aguilar⁵, M Ahlers⁶, M Ahrens⁷, D Altmann⁸, K Andeen⁹, T Anderson¹⁰, I Ansseau⁵, G Anton⁸, M Archinger¹¹, C Argüelles¹², J Auffenberg¹³, S Axani¹², X Bai¹⁴, S W Barwick¹⁵, V Baum¹¹, R Bay¹⁶, J J Beatty^{17

18}, J Becker Tjus¹⁹, K-H Becker²⁰, S BenZvi²¹, P Berghaus²², D Berley²³, E Bernardini³, A Bernhard², D Z Besson²⁴, G Binder^{16

25}, D Bindig²⁰, M Bissok¹³, E Blaufuss²³, S Blot³, C Bohm⁷, M Börner²⁶, F Bos¹⁹, D Bose²⁷, S Böser¹¹, O Botner²⁸, J Braun⁶, L Brayeur²⁹, H-P Bretz³, A Burgman²⁸, T Carver³⁰, M Casier²⁹, E Cheung²³, D Chirkin⁶, A Christov³⁰, K Clark³¹, L Classen³², S Coenders², G H Collin¹², J M Conrad¹², D F Cowen^{33

10}, R Cross²¹, M Day⁶, J P A M de André³⁴, C De Clercq²⁹, E Del Pino Rosendo¹¹, H Dembinski³⁵, S De Ridder³⁶, P Desiati⁶, K D de Vries²⁹, G de Wasseige²⁹, M de With³⁷, T DeYoung³⁴, J C Díaz-Vélez⁶, V di Lorenzo¹¹, H Dujmovic²⁷, J P Dumm⁷, M Dunkman¹⁰, B Eberhardt¹¹, T Ehrhardt¹¹, B Eichmann¹⁹, P Eller¹⁰, S Euler²⁸, P A Evenson³⁵, S Fahey⁶, A R Fazely³⁸, J Feintzeig⁶, J Felde²³, K Filimonov¹⁶, C Finley⁷, S Flis⁷, C-C Fösig¹¹, A Franckowiak³, E Friedman²³, T Fuchs²⁶, T K Gaisser³⁵, J Gallagher³⁹, L Gerhardt^{16

25}, K Ghorbani⁶, W Giang⁴⁰, L Gladstone⁶, M Glagla¹³, T Glüsenkamp³, A Goldschmidt²⁵, G Golup²⁹, J G Gonzalez³⁵, D Grant⁴⁰, Z Griffith⁶, C Haack¹³, A Haj Ismail³⁶, A Hallgren²⁸, F Halzen⁶, E Hansen⁴¹, B Hansmann¹³, T Hansmann¹³, K Hanson⁶, D Hebecker³⁷, D Heereman⁵, K Helbing²⁰, R Hellauer²³, S Hickford²⁰, J Hignight³⁴, G C Hill¹, K D Hoffman²³, R Hoffmann²⁰, K Holzapfel², K Hoshina⁶, F Huang¹⁰, M Huber², K Hultqvist⁷, S In²⁷, A Ishihara⁴², E Jacobi³, G S Japaridze⁴³, M Jeong²⁷, K Jero⁶, B J P Jones¹², M Jurkovic², A Kappes³², T Karg³, A Karle⁶, U Katz⁸, M Kauer⁶, A Keivani¹⁰, J L Kelley⁶, J Kemp¹³, A Kheirandish⁶, M Kim²⁷, T Kintscher³, J Kiryluk⁴⁴, T Kittler⁸, S R Klein^{16

25}, G Kohnen⁴⁵, R Koirala³⁵, H Kolanoski³⁷, R Konietz¹³, L Köpke¹¹, C Kopper⁴⁰, S Kopper²⁰, D J Koskinen⁴¹, M Kowalski^{37

3}, K Krings², M Kroll¹⁹, G Krückl¹¹, C Krüger⁶, J Kunnen²⁹, S Kunwar³, N Kurahashi⁴⁶, T Kuwabara⁴², M Labare³⁶, J L Lanfranchi¹⁰, M J Larson⁴¹, F Lauber²⁰, D Lennarz³⁴, M Lesiak-Bzdak⁴⁴, M Leuermann¹³, J Leuner¹³, L Lu⁴², J Lünemann²⁹, J Madsen⁴⁷, G Maggi²⁹, K B M Mahn³⁴, S Mancina⁶, M Mandelartz¹⁹, R Maruyama⁴⁸, K Mase⁴², R Maunu²³, F McNally⁶, K Meagher⁵, M Medici⁴¹, M Meier²⁶, A Meli³⁶, T Menne²⁶, G Merino⁶, T Meures⁵, S Miarecki^{16

25}, L Mohrmann³, T Montaruli³⁰, M Moulai¹², R Nahnhauer³, U Naumann²⁰, G Neer³⁴, H Niederhausen⁴⁴, S C Nowicki⁴⁰, D R Nygren²⁵, A Obertacke Pollmann²⁰, A Olivas²³, A O'Murchadha⁵, T Palczewski⁴⁹, H Pandya³⁵, D V Pankova¹⁰, Ö Penek¹³, J A Pepper⁴⁹, C Pérez de Los Heros²⁸, D Pieloth²⁶, E Pinat⁵, P B Price¹⁶, G T Przybylski²⁵, M Quinnan¹⁰, C Raab⁵, L Rädel¹³, M Rameez⁴¹, K Rawlins⁵⁰, R Reimann¹³, B Relethford⁴⁶, M Relich⁴², E Resconi², W Rhode²⁶, M Richman⁴⁶, B Riedel⁴⁰, S Robertson¹, M Rongen¹³, C Rott²⁷, T Ruhe²⁶, D Ryckbosch³⁶, D Rysewyk³⁴, L Sabbatini⁶, S E Sanchez Herrera⁴⁰, A Sandrock²⁶, J Sandroos¹¹, S Sarkar^{41

51}, K Satalecka³, M Schimp¹³, P Schlunder²⁶, T Schmidt²³, S Schoenen¹³, S Schöneberg¹⁹, L Schumacher¹³, D Seckel³⁵, S Seunarine⁴⁷, D Soldin²⁰, M Song²³, G M Spiczak⁴⁷, C Spiering³, M Stahlberg¹³, T Stanev³⁵, A Stasik³, A Steuer¹¹, T Stezelberger²⁵, R G Stokstad²⁵, A Stößl³, R Ström²⁸, N L Strotjohann³, G W Sullivan²³, M Sutherland¹⁷, H Taavola²⁸, I Taboada⁵², J Tatar^{16

25}, F Tenholt¹⁹, S Ter-Antonyan³⁸, A Terliuk³, G Tešić¹⁰, S Tilav³⁵, P A Toale⁴⁹, M N Tobin⁶, S Toscano²⁹, D Tosi⁶, M Tselengidou⁸, A Turcati², E Unger²⁸, M Usner³, J Vandenbroucke⁶, N van Eijndhoven²⁹, S Vanheule³⁶, M van Rossem⁶, J van Santen³, J Veenkamp², M Vehring¹³, M Voge⁵³, M Vraeghe³⁶, C Walck⁷, A Wallace¹, M Wallraff¹³, N Wandkowsky⁶, Ch Weaver⁴⁰, M J Weiss¹⁰, C Wendt⁶, S Westerhoff⁶, B J Whelan¹, S Wickmann¹³, K Wiebe¹¹, C H Wiebusch¹³, L Wille⁶, D R Williams⁴⁹, L Wills⁴⁶, M Wolf⁷, T R Wood⁴⁰, E Woolsey⁴⁰, K Woschnagg¹⁶, D L Xu⁶, X W Xu³⁸, Y Xu⁴⁴, J P Yanez³, G Yodh¹⁵, S Yoshida⁴², M Zoll⁷; IceCube Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
² Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
³ DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand.
⁵ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
⁶ Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
⁷ Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁸ Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
⁹ Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
¹¹ Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
¹² Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
¹³ III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
¹⁴ Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, south Dakota 57701, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁹ Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
²⁰ Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
²² National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia.
²³ Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
²⁵ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁶ Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
²⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
²⁹ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
³⁰ Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
³¹ Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7.
³² Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
³³ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
³⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
³⁵ Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
³⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
³⁷ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
³⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIsconsin 53706, USA.
⁴⁰ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
⁴¹ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁴² Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
⁴³ CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
⁴⁵ Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
⁴⁶ Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom.
⁵² School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
⁵³ Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.

PMID: 28009216
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101

Free article

Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

M G Aartsen et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2016.

Free article

. 2016 Dec 9;117(24):241101.

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
² Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
³ DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand.
⁵ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
⁶ Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
⁷ Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁸ Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
⁹ Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
¹¹ Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
¹² Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
¹³ III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
¹⁴ Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, south Dakota 57701, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁹ Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
²⁰ Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
²² National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia.
²³ Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
²⁵ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁶ Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
²⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
²⁹ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
³⁰ Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
³¹ Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7.
³² Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
³³ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
³⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
³⁵ Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
³⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
³⁷ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
³⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIsconsin 53706, USA.
⁴⁰ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
⁴¹ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁴² Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
⁴³ CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
⁴⁵ Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
⁴⁶ Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom.
⁵² School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
⁵³ Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.

PMID: 28009216
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101

Erratum in

Erratum: Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos Above 10 PeV with IceCube [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 241101 (2016)].
Aartsen MG, Anonymous. Aartsen MG, et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Dec 22;119(25):259902. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.259902. Epub 2017 Dec 21. Phys Rev Lett. 2017. PMID: 29303340

Abstract

We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10^{9} GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high- energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5×10^{5} GeV to above 10^{11} GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6±0.3)×10^{6} GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7±2.0)×10^{5} GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6σ. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at >99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.

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Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

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Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

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