Elevated levels of epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 predicts poor prognosis for prostate cancer

Abstract

Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (Ect2) was originally reported as an oncogene that is involved in several types of human cancers. However, little is known about its expression and function in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for Ect2 was performed on a human tissue microarray. The staining intensity was analyzed in association with clinical pathological parameters such as Gleason score, pathological grade, clinical stage, tumor invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis. Furthermore, we repeated such analysis and investigated the prognostic value of Ect2 using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) Dataset. Our immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of Ect2 protein were enhanced in human prostate cancer tissues. There existed positive correlations between the expression levels of Ect2 and several clinicopathological parameters, including advanced clinical stage, enhanced tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Similarly, we found that the expression levels of Ect2 were positively related to Gleason score, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and high distant metastasis in the TCGA Dataset. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that lower levels of Ect2 mRNA predicted higher overall survivals and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survivals in all patients or non-metastatic patients. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression showed that the expression of Ect2 could be an independent prognostic marker of poor BCR-free survivals. Therefore, levels of Ect2 may serve as a novel marker for the diagnosis or prognosis of prostate cancer.

Keywords: Biochemical recurrence-free survival; Ect2; Metastasis; Overall survival; Prognosis; Prostate cancer.