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. 2017 May;14(2):140-150.
doi: 10.1177/1479972316674425. Epub 2016 Dec 26.

Translation and validation of the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire in French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch

Monique Wapenaar  1 , Amit S Patel  2 , Surinder S Birring  3 , Ron T van Domburg  4 , Eric Wp Bakker  5 , Virginia Vindigni  6 , C Magnus Sköld  7 , Vincent Cottin  8 , Carlo Vancheri  6 , Marlies S Wijsenbeek  1
Affiliations

Translation and validation of the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) questionnaire in French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch

Monique Wapenaar et al. Chron Respir Dis. 2017 May.

Abstract

No disease-specific instruments exist in Dutch, French, Italian, and Swedish to measure health status in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease (K-BILD) is a 15-item validated questionnaire assessing health status in patients with ILD. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the K-BILD to French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch versions. The K-BILD was translated following a forward-backward multistep procedure and tested in structured patient interviews. Subsequently, 195 outpatients with ILD were asked to complete K-BILD, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and Euroqol EQ-5D-5L (EQ5D), twice, 2 weeks apart. Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and repeatability were determined. No major difficulties occurred in the translation processes. The K-BILD was considered comprehensible and relevant by patients. One hundred seventy-six patients (108 IPF and 68 other ILDs) completed the translated K-BILD. Internal consistency was good for all K-BILD modules (Cronbach's α 0.70-0.93). Concurrent validity of K-BILD was strong compared with SGRQ ( r = -0.86) and EQ5D ( r = 0.68), low with transfer capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin ( r = 0.33) and with forced vital capacity ( r = 0.35). The K-BILD and its domains were repeatable over 2 weeks; intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.86-0.93 ( n = 159). Known groups validity showed K-BILD was able to discriminate between patients based on severity of disease. K-BILD's validity and reliability for patients with IPF was similar to that of other ILDs. The French, Italian, Swedish, and Dutch translated K-BILD questionnaires were well-received by patients and demonstrated excellent validity comparable to the original English K-BILD.

Keywords: Interstitial lung diseases; health status; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; quality of life; questionnaires.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Monique Wapenaar (MSc), Dr Patel, Dr Birring, Dr van Domburg, Dr Bakker, Dr Vindigni, and Prof. Vancheri have no conflicts of interest. Prof. Sköld has received honoraria for consulting, advisory boards, and lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, Novartis, Mundipharma, Sandoz, Chiesi, Almirall, Intermune, and Roche, and research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, and Sandoz. Prof. Cottin has received honoraria for consulting or participating to advisory board meetings, for speaking, and support for attending meetings from GSK, Intermune/Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, Biogen Idec., Actelion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Gilead. Dr Wijsenbeek has received honoraria for consulting or participating to advisory board meeting or speaking of Boehringer Ingelheim and Intermune/Roche, she received unrestricted research grants from Intermune, Hoffman la Roche, and Boehringer Ingelheim. All honoraria were paid to her institution.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Bland Altman plot of repeatability of the K-BILD questionnaire of all countries. The solid line shows the mean difference and the dashed lines represent the 95% limits of agreement. K-BILD : King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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