Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Jul:206:126-136.
doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.019. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved problem or a continuous challenge?

Kiril M Dimitrov  1 , Claudio L Afonso  1 , Qingzhong Yu  2 , Patti J Miller  3
Affiliations
Review

Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved problem or a continuous challenge?

Kiril M Dimitrov et al. Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) has been defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as infection of poultry with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Lesions affecting the neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive systems are most often observed. The control of ND must include strict biosecurity that prevents virulent NDV from contacting poultry, and also proper administration of efficacious vaccines. When administered correctly to healthy birds, ND vaccines formulated with NDV of low virulence or viral-vectored vaccines that express the NDV fusion protein are able to prevent clinical disease and mortality in chickens upon infection with virulent NDV. Live and inactivated vaccines have been widely used since the 1950's. Recombinant and antigenically matched vaccines have been adopted recently in some countries, and many other vaccine approaches have been only evaluated experimentally. Despite decades of research and development towards formulation of an optimal ND vaccine, improvements are still needed. Impediments to prevent outbreaks include uneven vaccine application when using mass administration techniques in larger commercial settings, the difficulties associated with vaccinating free-roaming, multi-age birds of village flocks, and difficulties maintaining the cold chain to preserve the thermo-labile antigens in the vaccines. Incomplete or improper immunization often results in the disease and death of poultry after infection with virulent NDV. Another cause of decreased vaccine efficacy is the existence of antibodies (including maternal) in birds, which can neutralize the vaccine and thereby reduce the effectiveness of ND vaccines. In this review, a historical perspective, summary of the current situation for ND and NDV strains, and a review of traditional and experimental ND vaccines are presented.

Keywords: Adjuvant; Antigen matched vaccines; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; Recombinant vaccines.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Alders R.G. Making Newcastle disease vaccines available at village level. Vet. Rec. 2014;174:502–503. doi: 10.1136/vr.g3209. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alexander D.J. Newcastle disease virus—an avian Paramyxovirus. In: Alexander D.J., editor. Newcastle Disease. Kluwer Academic Publishers; Boston: 1988. pp. 11–22.
    1. Annamalai A., Ramakrishnan S., Sachan S., Sharma B.K., Anand Kumar B.S., Kumar V., Badasara S.K., Kumar A., Saravanan B.C., Krishnaswamy N. Administration of TLR7 agonist, resiquimod, in different types of chicken induces a mixed Th1 and Th2 response in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Res. Vet. Sci. 2015;100:105–108. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.007. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Anonymous, 2011. World Livestock Disease Atlas. A Quantitative Analysis of Global Animal Health DataA (2006–2009), forum, T.I.B.f.R.a.D.T.W.B.a.T.T., ed. (Washington, DC).
    1. Armour N.K., García M. The Poultry Informed Professional. Department of Population Health, University of Georgia; Athens, GA: 2014. Current and future applications of viral-vectored recombinant vaccines in poultry; pp. 1–9.