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Review
. 2018 Mar;12(3):904-914.
doi: 10.1111/crj.12603. Epub 2017 Jan 17.

Well-differentiated bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: Clinical management and outcomes in 105 patients

Marinos Pericleous  1 , Anna Karpathakis  1   2 , Christos Toumpanakis  1 , Heather Lumgair  1 , Jonathan Reiner  1 , Laura Marelli  3 , Christina Thirlwell  1   2 , Martyn E Caplin  1
Affiliations
Review

Well-differentiated bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: Clinical management and outcomes in 105 patients

Marinos Pericleous et al. Clin Respir J. 2018 Mar.

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors representing approximately 20%-30% of all neuroendocrine tumors and 2%-3% of all adult lung cancers. Here, they present a large case series of well-differentiated bronchial NETs with the aim of investigating the behavior of these tumors and long-term outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 105 patients with bronchial NETs managed in a tertiary referral center in the period between January 1998 and January 2012.

Results: Bronchial NETs are commoner in females and the commonest presenting symptoms were cough (13.9%) and dyspnoea (11.6%). OctreoscanTM and Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET were found to have similar diagnostic sensitivity and FDG PET was more sensitive for higher-grade tumors. Over a median follow-up period of 35.5 months mortality rate was 5.7%. The 5-year survival was 76% and the 10-year survival was 62%. Female patients survived longer but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .59). Older age greater than 50 years (P = .027), higher levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) (P = .034), first-line treatment with surgery (P = .005), ki67 over 10% (P = .037), and tumor stage (P = .036) but not tumor grade (P = .22), were significantly associated with survival.

Discussion: Several factors have been identified which are independently associated with survival including CgA levels greater than 100 pmol/L, tumor stage, age greater than 50, ki67 over 10% and having surgery as first-line treatment. There was no difference in survival between typical and atypical carcinoids.

Keywords: chemotherapy; lung cancer; thoracic surgery; treatment.

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