Application of a Far-Lateral Approach to the Subaxial Spine: Application, Technical Difficulties, and Results

Abstract

Objective: The far-lateral approach has traditionally been used as an approach to ventral foramen magnum pathologies. Ventral pathologies in the cervical spine and cervicodorsal regions also provide unique surgical challenges. Traditional posterior surgical approaches to the ventral cervical pathologies require significant cord retraction, and anterior approaches require significant bone removal with implant stabilization. We approached these lesions using a modification of the far-lateral approach for lesions in the subaxial spine.

Methods: Four patients underwent operations using this approach for ventral intradural pathologies in the subaxial spine. Two of the patients had recurrence of the lesions and underwent previous operations using a traditional midline approach.

Results: All 4 patients underwent operations using this approach. This provided a unique view of the ventral pathologies and a scarless field in recurrent cases. All 4 patients improved neurologically after the surgery and had no deterioration or complications related to the surgery.

Conclusion: We propose extension of far-lateral approach to ventral intradural extramedullary lesions in the subaxial spine up to the cervicothoracic junction. The far-lateral approach can be extended safely to the ventral and ventrolateral lesions of the subaxial cervical spine, especially for recurrent or residual lesions previously approached from the midline posteriorly.

Keywords: Arachnoid cyst; Far-lateral approach; Recurrent neurenteric cyst; Subaxial spine.