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. 2017 Jan 4:7:40003.
doi: 10.1038/srep40003.

Prostate Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios Are Associated with Cancer Care Disparities in 35 Countries

Sung-Lang Chen  1   2   3 , Shao-Chuan Wang  1   2   3 , Cheng-Ju Ho  2   4 , Yu-Lin Kao  1   2   3 , Tzuo-Yi Hsieh  1   2   3 , Wen-Jung Chen  1   2   3 , Chih-Jung Chen  2   5   6 , Pei-Ru Wu  5 , Jiunn-Liang Ko  3 , Huei Lee  7 , Wen-Wei Sung  1   2   3   4   6
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Prostate Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios Are Associated with Cancer Care Disparities in 35 Countries

Sung-Lang Chen et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The variation in mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) among countries reflects the clinical outcomes and the available interventions for colorectal cancer treatments. The association between MIR of prostate cancer and cancer care disparities among countries is an interesting issue that is rarely investigated. For the present study, cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. The rankings and total expenditures on health of various countries were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). The association between variables was analyzed by linear regression analyses. In this study, we estimated the role of MIRs from 35 countries that had a prostate cancer incidence greater than 5,000 cases per year. As expected, high prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates were observed in more developed regions, such as Europe and the Americas. However, the MIRs were 2.5 times higher in the less developed regions. Regarding the association between MIR and cancer care disparities, countries with good WHO ranking and high total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (GDP) were significant correlated with low MIR. The MIR variation for prostate cancer correlates with cancer care disparities among countries further support the role of cancer care disparities in clinical outcome.

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Figure 1
Figure 1
The associations of the World Health Organization ranking with (A) the total expenditure on health/GDP and (B) life expectancy among 35 countries included in the analysis of prostate cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Countries with good World Health Organization rankings have high crude rates of (A) incidence and (B) mortality of prostate cancer. Additionally, in those with high total expenditures on health/GDP, the crude rates of (D) incidence and (E) mortality were higher. Higher World Health Organization rankings and total expenditures on health/GDP are associated with favorable MIRs (C) and (F).
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