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. 2017 Jan;24(1):208-216.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.025. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhizopus stolonifer

Khalid AbdelRahim  1 , Sabry Younis Mahmoud  2 , Ahmed Mohamed Ali  2 , Khalid Salmeen Almaary  3 , Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa  4 , Sherif Moussa Husseiny  5
Affiliations

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhizopus stolonifer

Khalid AbdelRahim et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Jan.

Abstract

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a necessary field of applied science. Biological method for synthesis of AgNPs by Rhizopus stolonifer aqueous mycelial extract was used. The AgNPs were identified by UV-visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The presence of surface plasmon band around 420 nm indicates AgNPs formation. The characteristic of the AgNPs within the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure are indicated by the peaks of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern corresponding to (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0) planes. Spherical, mono-dispersed and stable AgNPs with diameter around 9.47 nm were prepared and affirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) shows peaks at 1426 and 1684 cm-1 that affirm the presence of coat covering protein the AgNPs which is known as capping proteins. Parameter optimization showed the smallest size of AgNPs (2.86 ± 0.3 nm) was obtained with 10-2 M AgNO3 at 40 °C. The present study provides the proof that the molecules within aqueous mycelial extract of R. stolonifer facilitate synthesis of AgNPs and highlight on value-added from R. stolonifer for cost effectiveness. Also, eco-friendly medical and nanotechnology-based industries could also be provided. Size of prepared AgNPs could be controlled by temperature and AgNO3 concentration. Further studies are required to study effect of more parameters on size and morphology of AgNPs as this will help in the control of large scale production of biogenic AgNPs.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; Rhizopus stolonifer; Silver.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Visible observation of AgNPs biosynthesis. (A) ErlenMeyer flask with R. stolonifer mycelial filtrate after exposure to AgNO3 solution (1 mM) for a few minutes (no color change), and (B) ErlenMeyer flask with R. stolonifer mycelial filtrate after exposure to AgNO3 solution (1 mM) for 48 h (reddish-brown color).
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–vis spectra of prepared Ag NPs, B-optical absorption spectra and its Gauss of B. Inserted table show statistical Gaussian approximation was performed to find FWHM).
Figure 3
Figure 3
UV–visible absorption spectra of produced AgNPs using Rhizopus stolonifer mycelium extract at different incubation times, synthesis of SNPs is the function of time.
Figure 4
Figure 4
X-ray diffraction pattern of the AgNPs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HRTEM pictures of the mono distributed spherical AgNPs (x = 100 nm) (inserted picture: selected area electron diffraction pattern).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Fourier-transform infrared spectra of AgNPs biosynthesized by R. stolonifer after 48 h from biosynthesis reaction.
Figure 7
Figure 7
HRTEM image (x = 100 nm) and size distribution histogram of AgNPs prepared at 40 °C and 10−2 M AgNO3.
Figure 8
Figure 8
HRTEM image (x = 100 nm) and size distribution histogram of AgNPs prepared at 20 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
HRTEM image (x = 200 nm) and size distribution histogram of AgNPs prepared at 60 °C.
Figure 10
Figure 10
HRTEM image (x = 200 nm) and size distribution histogram of AgNPs prepared at a concentration 10−1 M of AgNO3.
Figure 11
Figure 11
HRTEM image (x = 200 nm) and size distribution histogram of AgNPs prepared at a concentration 10−3 M of AgNO3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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