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. 2017 Dec;55(1):740-748.
doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1275705.

Biochemical characterization, anti-inflammatory properties and ulcerogenic traits of some cold-pressed oils in experimental animals

Faten M Ibrahim  1 , Hanan Naeim Attia  2 , Yousreya Aly Aly Maklad  2 , Kawkab A Ahmed  3 , Mohamed F Ramadan  4
Affiliations

Biochemical characterization, anti-inflammatory properties and ulcerogenic traits of some cold-pressed oils in experimental animals

Faten M Ibrahim et al. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

Context: Cold-pressed oils (CPO) are commercially available in the market and characterized by their health-promoting properties.

Objective: Clove oil (CLO), coriander seed oil (COO) and black cumin oil (BCO) were evaluated for their bioactive lipids. Pharmacological screening was performed to evaluate acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects as well as histopathological changes in tissues of albino rats fed with CPO.

Materials and methods: Fatty acids, tocols and total phenolics were analyzed. The acute toxicity test for each CPO was estimated during 14 d. Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema was used for assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of CPO. Animals were fasted overnight, and via oral gavage given indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CPO (400 mg/kg) to investigate ulcerogenecity. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and stomach were screened.

Results: Amounts of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols in CLO were 1495, 58, 4177 and 177 mg/kg oil, respectively. In COO, α, β, γ and δ-tocopherols were 10.0, 18.2, 5.1 and 34.8%, respectively. In BCO, β-tocotrienol was the main constituent. CLO, COO and BCO contained 4.6, 4.2 and 3.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. Acute toxicity test determined that 400 mg/kg of CPO to be used. In the carrageenan model of inflammation, pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or CLO (400 mg/kg) induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction by 31.3 and 27.4%, respectively, in rat paw oedema as compared with the carrageenan-treated group. Indomethacin induced a significant ulcerogenic effect with an ulcer index of 19. Oral treatment of CPO showed no ulcerogenic effect, wherein no histopathological changes were observed.

Conclusions: CPO, particularly CLO, could minimize acute inflammation.

Keywords: Coriandrum sativum; LD50; Nigella sativa; Syzygium aromaticum; paw oedema; ulcer index.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Relative percentages of fatty acids (A) levels of SFA, MUFA and PUFA (B), and levels of tocols (C) in CPO.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Liver of rat treated with (A) indomethacin showing cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes (small arrow), small focal hepatic necrosis associated with inflammatory cells infiltration (large arrow) and Kupffer cells activation (arrow head). (B) Indomethacin showing cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes (small arrow) and sinusoidal leukocytosis (large arrow). (C) BCO showing cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes (arrows) and Kupffer cells activation (large arrow). (D) COO showing Kupffer cells activation (small arrow) and sinusoidal leukocytosis (large arrow). (E) CLO showing slight activation of Kupffer cells (arrow). (F) Control showing the normal histological structure of hepatic lobule. (H & E x 400).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Kidney of rat treated with (A) indomethacin showing vacuolization of epithelial lining renal tubules (arrow). (B) Indomethacin showing congestion of intertubular blood vessels and glomerular tuft (small arrow) and pyknosis of the nuclei of renal tubular epithelium (large arrow). (C) BCO showing dilatation and congestion of renal blood vessel (arrow). (D) COO showing vacuolation of epithelial lining renal tubules (arrows). (E) CLO showing no histopathological changes. (F) Control showing the normal histological structure of renal parenchyma. (H & E x 400).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Heart of rat treated with (A) Indomethacin showing congestion of myocardial blood vessel (small arrow) and few mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration (large arrow). (B) BCO showing slight congestion of myocardial blood capillaries (arrow). COO (C), CLO (D) and control (E) showing no histopathological changes (H & E x 400).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Spleen of rats treated with indomethacin (A), BCO (B), COO (C), CLO (D), and control (E) showing no histopathological changes (H & E x 400).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Stomach of rat treated with (A) indomethacin showing focal necrosis of gastric mucosa (small arrow) and submucosal edema (large arrow). BCO (B), COO (C), CLO (D), and control (E) control showing no histopathological changes (H & E x 100).
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