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Review
. 2016 Dec 14;10(2):320.
doi: 10.4081/oncol.2016.320. eCollection 2016 Oct 10.

Urinary Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Target Therapy, New Era for More Attention

Amrallah A Mohammed  1 , Hani El-Tanni  2 , Hani M El-Khatib  2 , Ahmad A Mirza  3 , Abdulrahim A Mirza  4 , Turki H Alturaifi  4
Affiliations
Review

Urinary Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Target Therapy, New Era for More Attention

Amrallah A Mohammed et al. Oncol Rev. .

Abstract

Currently, bladder cancer (BCa) evaluation depends mainly on traditional clinicopathological parameters encompassing tumor stage and grade, which will not reflect the behavior of the disease. Diverse molecular alterations are responsible for the heterogeneous course. The differences in molecular pathogenesis between non-invasive BCa and invasive BCa have been recognized. Molecular biomarkers are promising to predict progression and survival. The management of advanced BCa remains somewhat primitive in comparison with other more common malignancies. This topic will discuss the molecular pathways, biomarkers and potential targets that may improve the outcome in BCa.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; biomarkers; targeted therapies.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The molecular pathways of bladder cancer; papillary (superficial) and invasive types.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The subdivision of bladder cancer biomarkers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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