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Review
. 2016 Dec 26;6(4):200-213.
doi: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i4.200.

Non-allergic rhinitis in children: Epidemiological aspects, pathological features, diagnostic methodology and clinical management

Dimitri Poddighe  1 , Matteo Gelardi  1 , Amelia Licari  1 , Michele Miraglia Del Giudice  1 , Gian Luigi Marseglia  1
Affiliations
Review

Non-allergic rhinitis in children: Epidemiological aspects, pathological features, diagnostic methodology and clinical management

Dimitri Poddighe et al. World J Methodol. .

Abstract

Chronic rhinitis is a very common disease, as the prevalence in the general population resulted to be 40%. Allergic rhinitis has been considered to be the most frequent form of chronic rhinitis, as non-allergic rhinitis has been estimated to account for 25%. However, several evidences suggested that non-allergic rhinitis have been underrated, especially in children. In pediatrics, the diagnostic definition of non-allergic rhinitis has been often limited to the exclusion of an allergic sensitization. Actually, local allergic rhinitis has been often misdiagnosed as well as mixed rhinitis has not been recognized in most cases. Nasal cytology is a diagnostic procedure being suitable for routine clinical practice with children and could be a very useful tool to characterize and diagnose non-allergic rhinitis, providing important clues for epidemiological analysis and clinical management.

Keywords: Local allergic rhinitis; Nasal cytology; Non-allergic rhinitis; Pediatric chronic rhinitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors report no conflict of interest and have not received any honorarium, grant, or other form of payment to produce it.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Nasal cytology of non-allergic rhinitis. A: NARES; B: NARMA; C: NARNE; D: NARESMA. NARES: Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome; NARMA: NAR with mast cells; NARNE: NAR with neutrophils; NARESMA: NAR with eosinophils and mast cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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