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. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0169980.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169980. eCollection 2017.

Colonization of Wheat, Maize and Cucumber by Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78

Tianyi Hao  1 , Sanfeng Chen  1
Affiliations

Colonization of Wheat, Maize and Cucumber by Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78

Tianyi Hao et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78 is a nitrogen fixer and it can be potentially applied to biofertilizer in agriculture. In this study, P. polymyxa WLY78 is labelled with gfp gene. The GFP-labelled P. polymyxa WLY78 is used to inoculate wheat, maize and cucumber seedlings grown in the gnotobiotic system and in soil, respectively. Observation by confocal laser scanning microscope reveals that the GFP-labeled bacterial cells are mainly located on the root surface and epidermis of wheat, and only a few cells are present within cortical cells. In maize and cucumber seedlings, bacterial cells were colonized in epidermal and cortical cells, intercellular spaces and vascular system of root, stem and leaf tissue interiors besides on root surfaces. Higher densities of the bacterial cells in roots, stems and leaves indicated that P. polymyxa WLY78 cells could migrate from roots to stems and leaves of maize and cucumber. This study will provide insight into interaction between P. polymyxa WLY78 and host cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Confocal image of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa and colonization of the GFP-labeled cells in wheat roots in the gnotobiotic system.
(A) Confocal image of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa cells. (B-D) Colonization patterns of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa WLY78 in wheat roots after 15 hours of inoculation. (E-G) Colonization patterns after 1 day of inoculation. (H) Colonization patterns after 3 days of inoculation. (I-J) Colonization patterns after 5 days of inoculation. (K) Colonization patterns after 7 days of inoculation. (L) Colonization patterns after 10 days of inoculation.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Colonization of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa WLY78 in wheat roots in the soil system.
(A) Colonization patterns after 3 days of inoculation. (B) Colonization patterns after 7 days of inoculation. (C-D) Colonization patterns after 10 days of inoculation.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Colonization of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa WLY78 in maize seedlings in the gnotobiotic system.
(A-B) Colonization patterns after 1 day of inoculation. (C-D) Colonization patterns after 3 days of inoculation. (E-F) Colonization patterns after 5 days of inoculation. (G-H) Colonization patterns after 7 days of inoculation. (I-L) Colonization patterns after 10 days of inoculation.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Colonization of the GFP-labeled P. polymyxa WLY78 in cucumber seedlings in the gnotobiotic system.
(A-D) Colonization patterns after 1 day of inoculation. (E-H) Colonization patterns after 3–5 days of inoculation. (I-J) Colonization patterns of cucumber stems after 7 days of inoculation. (K-L) Colonization patterns of leaves after 10 days of inoculation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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