Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria in Iran: A Narrative Review Article

Abstract

Background: Malaria is the most important transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) in worldwide after viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main objective of the present study was to review and evaluate the transmission of malaria via blood transfusion in Iran.

Methods: A literature search was done without time limitation in the electronic databases as follows: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, scientific information database (SID), Magiran, IranMedex and Irandoc. The searches were limited to the published papers to English and Persian languages.

Results: Six papers were eligible. From 1963 to 1983, 344 cases of Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) had been reported from different provinces of Iran. The most prevalent species of involved Plasmodium in investigated cases of TTM was Plasmodium malariae (79.24%). The screening results of 1,135 blood donors for malaria were negative by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) methods.

Conclusion: Lack of TTM report from Iran in the last three decades indicates that the screening of blood donors through interviewing (donor selection) may be effective in the prevention of the occurrence of transfusion-transmitted malaria.

Keywords: Blood transfusion; Donors; Iran; Screening; Transfusion-transmitted malaria.

Fig. 1:

Geographical situation of malaria endemic areas of Iran namely Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces in the southeast of this country, bordering Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf (27)

Fig. 2:

Trend of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) reported cases from different provinces of Iran during the 21 years from 1963 to 1983 (28, 29)