Vonoprazan improves the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with a regimen consisting of clarithromycin and metronidazole in patients allergic to penicillin

Abstract

Background: Although all Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive patients should receive eradication therapy, the therapy is a challenge for patients allergic to penicillin. There have been a few reports on the efficacy of eradication therapy for such patients.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of vonoprazan or proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based 7-day triple therapy in patients allergic to penicillin.

Materials and methods: A total of 88 consecutive patients allergic to penicillin who received H. pylori eradication therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-one patients had a history of failed eradication therapy. Four 7-day regimens were prescribed during the study period: clarithromycin-metronidazole-PPI (13 patients), clarithromycin-metronidazole-vonoprazan (14 patients), metronidazole-sitafloxacin-PPI (44 patients) and metronidazole-sitafloxacin-vonoprazan (17 patients). A ¹³ C-urea breath test was used for confirmation of eradication, and efficacy of eradication was evaluated by "intention-to-treat" analysis and "per-protocol" analysis.

Results: Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 46.2%/54.6% for patients who received clarithromycin-metronidazole-PPI, 92.9/92.9% for patients who received clarithromycin-metronidazole-vonoprazan, 100/100% for patients who received metronidazole-sitafloxacin-PPI and 88.2/93.8% for patients who received metronidazole-sitafloxacin-vonoprazan. For first eradication, vonoprazan significantly raised the intention-to-treat efficacy of the triple therapy including clarithromycin-metronidazole (vonoprazan: 92.9%, PPI: 46.2%, P=.0128). A 7-day regimen consisting of metronidazole and sitafloxacin was effective for patients allergic to penicillin with or without past failure of eradication.

Conclusion: For first eradication in patients allergic to penicillin, a 7-day triple therapy consisting of clarithromycin, metronidazole and vonoprazan could be a candidate eradication regimen.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; eradication therapy; penicillin allergy; vonoprazan.