Balanced crystalloids for septic shock resuscitation
- PMID: 28099643
- PMCID: PMC5225922
- DOI: 10.5935/0103-507X.20160079
Balanced crystalloids for septic shock resuscitation
Abstract
Timely fluid administration is crucial to maintain tissue perfusion in septic shock patients. However, the question concerning which fluid should be used for septic shock resuscitation remains a matter of debate. A growing body of evidence suggests that the type, amount and timing of fluid administration during the course of sepsis may affect patient outcomes. Crystalloids have been recommended as the first-line fluids for septic shock resuscitation. Nevertheless, given the inconclusive nature of the available literature, no definitive recommendations about the most appropriate crystalloid solution can be made. Resuscitation of septic and non-septic critically ill patients with unbalanced crystalloids, mainly 0.9% saline, has been associated with a higher incidence of acid-base balance and electrolyte disorders and might be associated with a higher incidence of acute kidney injury. This can result in greater demand for renal replacement therapy and increased mortality. Balanced crystalloids have been proposed as an alternative to unbalanced solutions in order to mitigate their detrimental effects. Nevertheless, the safety and effectiveness of balanced crystalloids for septic shock resuscitation need to be further addressed in a well-designed, multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial.
A administração de fluidos em tempo adequado é crucial para a manutenção da perfusão tissular nos pacientes com choque séptico. Entretanto, a questão da escolha do fluido a ser utilizado para ressuscitação no choque séptico ainda é um assunto em debate. É crescente o corpo de evidência que sugere que o tipo, a quantidade e o momento da administração de fluidos durante a evolução da sepse podem afetar os desfechos do paciente. Os cristaloides têm sido recomendados como fluidos a serem administrados em primeira linha na ressuscitação do choque. No entanto, à luz da natureza inconclusiva da literatura disponível, não se podem fazer recomendações definitivas quanto à solução cristaloide mais apropriada. A ressuscitação de pacientes críticos sépticos e não sépticos com cristaloides não balanceados, principalmente a solução salina a 0,9%, tem sido associada a uma maior incidência de desordens do equilíbrio ácido-base e a distúrbios eletrolíticos, além de poder se associar à maior incidência de lesão renal aguda, à maior necessidade de terapia de substituição renal e à mortalidade. Foi proposto o uso de soluções cristaloides balanceadas como uma alternativa às soluções de cristaloides não balanceados, para mitigar seus efeitos deletérios. Entretanto, a segurança e a eficácia dos cristaloides balanceados para ressuscitação do choque séptico necessitam ser mais bem exploradas em estudos clínicos bem delineados, randomizados e controlados, multicêntricos e pragmáticos.
Conflict of interest statement
None.
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