Evaluation of a Specialized Yoga Program for Persons Admitted to a Complex Continuing Care Hospital: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a specialized yoga intervention for inpatients in a rehabilitation and complex continuing care hospital. Design. Single-cohort repeated measures design. Methods. Participants (N = 10) admitted to a rehabilitation and complex continuing care hospital were recruited to participate in a 50-60 min Hatha Yoga class (modified for wheelchair users/seated position) once a week for eight weeks, with assigned homework practice. Questionnaires on pain (pain, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing), psychological variables (depression, anxiety, and experiences with injustice), mindfulness, self-compassion, and spiritual well-being were collected at three intervals: pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. Results. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a significant main effect of time indicating improvements over the course of the yoga program on the (1) anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, F(2,18) = 4.74, p < .05, and η_p² = .35, (2) Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, F(2,18) = 3.71, p < .05, and η_p² = .29, and (3) Magnification subscale of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, F(2,18) = 3. 66, p < .05, and η_p² = .29. Discussion. The results suggest that an 8-week Hatha Yoga program improves pain-related factors and psychological experiences in individuals admitted to a rehabilitation and complex continuing care hospital.

Figure 1

Time sequence of the study intervention. The information session was held seven days before the yoga program began. The yoga program was held once weekly for 8 weeks. Questionnaires measuring pain, pain-related variables, psychological factors, and mindfulness were evaluated at three time points: T1, T2, and T3.

Figure 2

Participant flow through the study.

Figure 3

(a) Individual participant Self-Compassion Scale-SF (SCS-SF) scores by time. (b) Individual participant Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) scores by time. (c) Individual participant Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)-magnification subscale scores by time. (d) Individual participant Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)-total scores by time.