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. 2017 Jan 20;3(1):e1601814.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601814. eCollection 2017 Jan.

Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse

Jinyang Liang  1 , Cheng Ma  1 , Liren Zhu  1 , Yujia Chen  1 , Liang Gao  1 , Lihong V Wang  1
Affiliations

Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse

Jinyang Liang et al. Sci Adv. .

Abstract

Ultrafast video recording of spatiotemporal light distribution in a scattering medium has a significant impact in biomedicine. Although many simulation tools have been implemented to model light propagation in scattering media, existing experimental instruments still lack sufficient imaging speed to record transient light-scattering events in real time. We report single-shot ultrafast video recording of a light-induced photonic Mach cone propagating in an engineered scattering plate assembly. This dynamic light-scattering event was captured in a single camera exposure by lossless-encoding compressed ultrafast photography at 100 billion frames per second. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation. This technology holds great promise for next-generation biomedical imaging instrumentation.

Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation; compressed sensing; image reconstruction techniques; imaging instrumentation; imaging techniques; light scattering dynamics; streak imaging; ultrafast imaging.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Schematic of the thin scattering plate assembly.
The instantaneous light-scattering pattern represents a photonic Mach cone when ns < nd. θ, semivertex angle of the photonic Mach cone; DP, display panel; ST, source tunnel; nd, refractive index of the display panel medium; ns, refractive index of the source tunnel medium.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Time-resolved Monte Carlo simulations of instantaneous scattering light intensity distributions on a thin scattering sheet under superluminal and subluminal conditions.
For both cases, the excitation light pulses are spatiotemporally Gaussian and propagate along the +x direction. (A) Contour plot of the light intensity distribution when a laser beam propagates superluminally in the medium with a photonic Mach number of 1.4. (B) Same as (A), but showing a laser beam propagating subluminally in the medium with a photonic Mach number of 0.8. The temporal processes of both transient events (A and B) are shown in movies S1 and S2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Schematic of LLE-CUP.
Lower left inset: Illustration of complementary spatial encoding for two time-sheared views. The on pixels are depicted in red for View 1 and depicted in crimson for View 2. The off pixels are depicted in black for both views. The combined mask shows that the two spatial encodings are complementary. Upper right inset: Close-up of the configuration before the streak camera’s entrance port (dashed black box). Light beams in both views are folded by a planar mirror and a right-angle prism mirror before entering the fully opened entrance port of the streak camera.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Single-shot real-time imaging of light-scattering dynamics under different refractive index combinations.
(A) Time-integrated image of a laser beam propagating faster in the source tunnel (ns = 1.0) than scattered light does in the display panels (nd = 1. 4). (B) Representative snapshots of the same dynamic scene as in (A), acquired by LLE-CUP. A photonic Mach cone is observed. (C) Same as (A), but showing a laser beam propagating slower in the source tunnel (ns = 1.8) than scattered light does in the display panels (nd = 1.4). (D) Representative snapshots of the same dynamic scene as in (C), acquired by LLE-CUP. In (D), no photonic Mach cone is observed. The temporal processes of both transient events (B and D) are shown in movies S4 and S5. (E) Spectra of the incident laser pulse and the photonic Mach cone. (F) Normalized average intensity of the photonic Mach cone at incident laser pulse energies from 1 to 9 μJ, with steps of 1 μJ. Three photonic Mach cones were imaged at each pulse energy level. Scale bar, 10 mm. Error bars represent SE.
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