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. 2016 May 11;18(9):e31737.
doi: 10.5812/ircmj.31737. eCollection 2016 Sep.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Plasma Apelin Levels and Pain Threshold in T1DM Rats

Reza Delavar  1 , Ali Heidarianpour  1
Affiliations

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Plasma Apelin Levels and Pain Threshold in T1DM Rats

Reza Delavar et al. Iran Red Crescent Med J. .

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, which reduce a patient's quality of life. Apelin and its receptor, APJ, have been shown to have antinociceptive effects and to decrease blood glucose levels.

Objectives: The present experimental study was conducted in Iran and investigated the role of apelin, which is used to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus, during exercise training.

Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were assigned by simple random allocation to six groups (n = 6): non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D), sedentary non-diabetic (SND), sedentary diabetic (SD), exercise non-diabetic (END), and exercise diabetic (ED). Diabetes was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Exercise training consisted of treadmill running 60 minutes/day × 5 days/week for 10 weeks. The tail-flick test was used to assess the thermal pain threshold, and an apelin enzyme immunoassay kit was utilized to assess plasma apelin levels.

Results: Plasma apelin level was higher (0.3 vs. 0.1, P < 0.0001) and the tail-flick latency was lower (2.2 vs. 3.8, P < 0.0001) in the D group than in the ND group. After the training program, plasma apelin levels decreased in the exercise groups, and the tail-flick latency increased in the ED group. No correlation was found between apelin blood concentrations and tail-flick latency following the training program in the ED group.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that apelin does not play any significant role in regulating the pain threshold in type 1 diabetes mellitus during exercise training.

Keywords: Apelin Protein; Exercise; Pain Threshold; Rat; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Plasma Apelin Levels (3 Days After STZ Treatment) in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Animals
Diabetic vs. non-diabetic, N = 6, t = -16.9,* P < 0.0001. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Tail-Flick Latency (3 Days After STZ Treatment) in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Animals
Diabetic vs. non-diabetic, N = 6, t = 7.155, *P < 0.0001). Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Plasma Apelin Levels in Sedentary (Sedentary Non-Diabetic and Sedentary Diabetic) and exercise (Exercise Non-Diabetic and Exercise Diabetic) Groups, 1 Day After the Last Training Session
Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Tail-Flick Latency in Sedentary (Sedentary Non-Diabetic and Sedentary Diabetic) and Exercise (Exercise Non-Diabetic and Exercise Diabetic) Groups, 1 Day After the Last Training Session
Values are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Blood Apelin Levels and the Tail-Flick Latency
A, Decrease in plasma apelin levels and; B, increase in tail-flick latency in the exercise diabetic group compared with the sedentary diabetic group, at the end of exercise training program (1 day after the last training session). Values are expressed as mean ± SD. (**P < 0.0001).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Blood Glucose Levels in Non-Diabetic (Sedentary and Exercise) and Diabetic (Sedentary and Exercise) Groups, 1 Day After the Last Training Session
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. (**P < 0.0001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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