Oral Health Literacy: How much Italian people know about the dental hygienist

Abstract

Background: People with poor OHL have the highest level of oral diseases and the worst oral treatment results. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the degree of knowledge of the role of the dental hygienist in patients who go to a public dental facility for the first time.

Material and methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the patients with the "face-to-face" mode during a 12-month period. The principal component analysis, the general linear model and the chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: A total number of 900 questionnaires were completed. Sixty-seven per cent of patients know that a specific degree is needed to practice dentistry and 93.1% of them know that a specific educational qualification is required to practice the dental hygienist profession. Sixty-three per cent of the subjects were aware of dental hygienist's activities. There is no patient preference of gender as far as both dentist (84.11%) and dental hygienist (85.11%) are concerned. Seventy-five per cent of patients claimed to know what "dental hygiene" means and 65% of them believed that a good level of oral hygiene was important for oral disease prevention. Both qualification and marital status of patients are significantly associated with the patient's level of knowledge of the dental hygienist profession. Patients with "High" scholastic qualifications showed significantly higher scores than those with "Low" qualifications. Married patients have less knowledge than widows/widowers, while divorced patients have greater knowledge than widows/widowers.

Conclusions: Patients' educational qualification itself only partially justifies the apparent high level of knowledge of patients about the dental hygienist's role. Key words:Oral disease prevention, dental professional qualification, public dental knowledge, patient educational qualification, dental hygienist, oral heath literacy, public dental facility.

Figure 1

Relationship between patient qualification and PCA Factor 1. For each kind of qualification the average scores are reported. Factor 1 high positive scores indicate a higher level of knowledge of the DH profession.

Figure 2

Relationship between patient “marital status” and “PCA Factor 1”. For each kind of “marital status” the average scores are reported. Factor 1 high positive scores indicate a higher level of knowledge of the DH profession.

Figure 3

Relationship between “educational qualification” and “PCA Factor 2”. For each kind of “educational qualification” the average scores are reported. Factor 2 high positive scores indicate a better knowledge on which qualification are required to practice the dental hygienist profession.

Figure 4

Relationship between “educational qualification” and patient proportion which prefer to be treated, respectively, by a hygienist or a dentist, as far as prevention is concerned.