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. 2017 Feb 2;6(2):e004936.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004936.

Outcomes of Physician-Staffed Versus Non-Physician-Staffed Helicopter Transport for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Sverrir I Gunnarsson  1 , Joseph Mitchell  1 , Mary S Busch  2 , Brenda Larson  1 , S Michael Gharacholou  2   3 , Zhanhai Li  4 , Amish N Raval  5
Affiliations

Outcomes of Physician-Staffed Versus Non-Physician-Staffed Helicopter Transport for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Sverrir I Gunnarsson et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background: The effect of physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) on ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient transfer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of physician-staffed HEMS (Physician-HEMS) versus non-physician-staffed (Standard-HEMS) in patients with STEMI.

Methods and results: We studied 398 STEMI patients transferred by either Physician-HEMS (n=327) or Standard-HEMS (n=71) for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention at 2 hospitals between 2006 and 2014. Data were collected from electronic medical records and each institution's contribution to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median electrocardiogram-to-balloon time was longer for the Standard-HEMS group than for the Physician-HEMS group (118 vs 107 minutes; P=0.002). The Standard-HEMS group was more likely than the Physician-HEMS group to receive nitroglycerin (37% vs 15%; P<0.001) and opioid analgesics (42.3% vs 21.7%; P<0.001) during transport. In-hospital adverse outcomes, including cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and serious arrhythmias, were more common in the Standard-HEMS group (25.4% vs 11.3%; P=0.002). After adjusting for age, sex, Killip class, and transport time, patients transferred by Standard-HEMS had increased risk of any serious in-hospital adverse event (odds ratio=2.91; 95% CI=1.39-6.06; P=0.004). In-hospital mortality was not statistically different between the 2 groups (9.9% in the Standard-HEMS group vs 4.9% in the Physician-HEMS group; P=0.104).

Conclusions: Patients with STEMI transported by Standard-HEMS had longer transport times, higher rates of nitroglycerin and opioid administration, and higher rates of adjusted in-hospital events. Efforts to better understand optimal transport strategies in STEMI patients are needed.

Keywords: ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; acute myocardial infarction; outcome; percutaneous coronary intervention; treatment.

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