Antibiotic use and the prevention and management of infectious complications in stone disease

Abstract

The importance of assessing perioperative urine/stone cultures and providing appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis prior to shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or endoscopic intervention cannot be minimized. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common complication relating to stone intervention. Adequate assessment of culture data and adherence to appropriate guidelines may prevent the development of UTI and the potential for post-intervention urosepsis. This review outlines the current evidence for prophylaxis in the prevention of UTI and urosepsis, as well as the interpretation of stone culture data to provide an evidence-based approach for the judicious use of antibiotics in urologic stone practice.

Keywords: Antibiotic; Nephrolithiasis; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Prophylaxis; Sepsis; Shock wave lithotripsy; Ureteroscopy.