Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Mar;31(2):449-456.
doi: 10.1111/jvim.14634. Epub 2017 Feb 4.

Urinary F2 -Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1-4 Chronic Kidney Disease

W Whitehouse  1 , J Quimby  2 , S Wan  1 , K Monaghan  1 , R Robbins  1 , L A Trepanier  1
Affiliations

Urinary F2 -Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1-4 Chronic Kidney Disease

W Whitehouse et al. J Vet Intern Med. 2017 Mar.

Abstract

Background: F2 -isoprostanes, a biomarker of oxidant injury, increase with advancing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. In cats, the relationship between CKD and oxidative stress is poorly understood.

Objectives: To determine whether cats with advancing CKD have increasing urinary F2 -isoprostanes.

Animals: Control cats without evidence of CKD (≥6 years old; n = 11), and cats with IRIS stage 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 38), 3 (n = 21), and 4 (n = 10) CKD.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Urinary F2 -isoprostanes (specifically free 15-F2t -isoprostanes) normalized to urine creatinine (IsoPs) were compared among groups and tested for correlations with blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity. The IsoPs also were compared between cats with and without hypertension or proteinuria, and in cats fed predominantly standard versus renal diets.

Results: Urinary IsoPs were increased, but not significantly, in cats with stage 1 CKD (median 263 pg/mg creatinine; range, 211-380) compared to controls (182 pg/mg; range, 80-348) and decreased significantly from stage 1 through advancing CKD (stage 2, 144 pg/mg; range, 49-608; stage 3, 102 pg/mg; range, 25-158; stage 4, 67 pg/mg; range, 26-117; P < .01). Urinary IsoPs were inversely correlated with serum creatinine (r = -0.66, P < .0001).

Conclusion and clinical importance: Urinary IsoPs are significantly higher in early CKD (stage 1) compared to cats with more advanced CKD. Additional studies are warranted to characterize oxidative stress in cats with stage 1 CKD and determine whether early antioxidant treatments have a protective effect on CKD progression.

Keywords: Biomarker; Feline; Oxidative stress; Prostanoids; Redox; Renal failure.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Urinary 15‐F2t‐isoprostane:creatinine ratios (IsoPs) in healthy mature cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 1–4. IsoPs were significantly higher in IRIS stage 1 cats compared to stages 2, 3, and 4 (P < .05 to P < .001), and higher in stage 2 cats compared to stages 3 and 4 (P < .01). In addition, IsoPs in cats with stage 3 and 4 CKD were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < .01).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inverse correlation between serum creatinine and urinary IsoPs in cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 1–4 chronic kidney disease. r = −0.66, P < .0001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Urinary IsoPs in cats with chronic kidney disease reportedly fed primarily standard commercial diets compared to those fed primarily renal‐formulated diets. P = .22 between groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Urinary IsoPs in healthy mature cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 1–4, including only those cats fed predominantly (>75%) standard commercial nonrenal diets. As found in the larger population, IsoPs were significantly higher in IRIS stage 1 cats compared to stages 3 and 4 (P < .001), and IsoPs in cats with stage 3 and 4 CKD were significantly lower than in healthy controls (P < .01).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Handelman GJ, Walter MF, Adhikarla R, et al. Elevated plasma F2‐isoprostanes in patients on long‐term hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2001;59:1960–1966. - PubMed
    1. Locatelli F, Canaud B, Eckardt KU, et al. Oxidative stress in end‐stage renal disease: An emerging threat to patient outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:1272–1280. - PubMed
    1. Terawaki H, Yoshimura K, Hasegawa T, et al. Oxidative stress is enhanced in correlation with renal dysfunction: Examination with the redox state of albumin. Kidney Int 2004;66:1988–1993. - PubMed
    1. Karamouzis I, Sarafidis PA, Karamouzis M, et al. Increase in oxidative stress but not in antioxidant capacity with advancing stages of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol 2008;28:397–404. - PubMed
    1. Vaziri ND. Roles of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004;13:93–99. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources