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. 2016 Oct-Dec;7(4):159-164.
doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.195898.

Hypertension influences the exponential progression of inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney

Rupadevi Muthaian  1 , Rajaa Muthu Pakirisamy  2 , Subramani Parasuraman  3 , Ramasamy Raveendran  1
Affiliations

Hypertension influences the exponential progression of inflammation and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney

Rupadevi Muthaian et al. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2016 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association of hypertension coexisting with diabetes mellitus with oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were used for the experiments. Blood glucose (BG), urea, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were analyzed before and 48 h after STZ injection. Further, these parameters were monitored up to 3 months of diabetes induction. Subsequently, the inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitrate) and oxidative stress markers were estimated after 3 months of diabetes induction in the kidney homogenate. Histological analysis of renal tissue was also carried out.

Results: Linear elevation of BG, urea, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR was observed up to 3 months of diabetes induction. In the same manner, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were also found to be significantly increased. Notably, the histological analysis revealed the signs of nephropathy such as increased mesangial cell number, thickness of basement membrane, and renal artery. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers positively correlated with elevated BP and BG, but the correlation was better with BP rather than BG.

Conclusion: Hypertension has a strong implication in the increased oxidative stress and inflammation of diabetic kidney at the very early stage of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; hypertension; streptozotocin and oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Blood glucose and (b) urea levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats before STZ injection and followed for up to 3 months. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of diabetes mellitus on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in STZ-induced diabetic rats before and after STZ injection, and followed for up to 3 months. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of diabetes mellitus on heart rate in STZ-induced diabetic rats before and after STZ injection and followed for up to 3 months. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of diabetes mellitus on kidney histopathology of STZ-induced diabetic rats after 3 months of induction (H and E, ×40). Renal artery of control (a) and diabetic (b) rats. Kidney tissue of control (c) and diabetic (d) rats
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