Diagnostics and Ancillary Tests of Neurologic Dysfunction in the Ruminant

Abstract

A variety of diagnostic tests can be used to help further characterize and diagnose neurologic disease in ruminant species. Cerebrospinal fluid is easily collected, and analysis can help in defining the broad category of disease. Diagnostic imaging, including radiography, myelography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and MRI, have all been used to varying degrees in ruminants. Advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques have the capacity to aid greatly in diagnosis, but their cost can often be prohibitive. Currently, electrodiagnostic tests are not well evaluated or used in the diagnosis of neurologic disease in ruminants.

Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis; Computed tomography; MRI; Myelography; Radiography.