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. 2017 Jan 25:8:68.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00068. eCollection 2017.

Production of Potent Antimicrobial Compounds from Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Associated with Fresh Water Sediment

Zothanpuia  1 , Ajit K Passari  1 , Preeti Chandra  2 , Vincent V Leo  1 , Vineet K Mishra  1 , Brijesh Kumar  2 , Bhim P Singh  1
Affiliations

Production of Potent Antimicrobial Compounds from Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus Associated with Fresh Water Sediment

Zothanpuia et al. Front Microbiol. .

Retraction in

Abstract

The genus Streptomyces under phylum actinobacteria has been recognized as a prolific source for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. An actinobacterial strain designated as DST103 isolated from a wetland fresh water sediment of Tamdil Lake, Mizoram, Northeast, India was identified as Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus (KY287599) using 16SrRNA gene sequencing which shares 99.87% sequence similarity with Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus NRRL B-2570 T . The strain showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453), Gram positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus NCIM 2170 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96) and yeast pathogen Candida albicans MTCC 3017). The methanolic extract of the strain DST103 exhibited highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli (IC50 = 2.10 μg/mL) and minimum activity against S. aureus (IC50 = 43.63 μg/mL). Five antibiotics [trimethoprim (18 μg/g), fluconazole (6 μg/g), ketoconazole (18 μg/g), nalidixic acid (135 μg/g), and rifampicin (56 μg/g)] were detected and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Further, biosynthetic potential genes [polyketide synthases type II, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, and aminodeoxyisochorismate synthase (phzE)] were also detected in strain DST103 which may possibly be responsible for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of four volatile compounds which might be responsible for their diverse biological activity. The present study revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in strain DST103, which may be a promising resource for the discovery of novel bioactive metabolites against wide range of pathogens.

Keywords: GC-MS; Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus; UPLC-ESI-MS/MS; antimicrobial activity; biosynthetic genes.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Morphological appearance of Strain DST103 on TSA medium after three weeks of incubation; (B) field emission gun- scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) analysis showing spore chain morphology of Strain DST103; (C) Antibacterial activity of Strain DST103 against bacterial pathogen Bacillus subtilis.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Phylogenetic tree of Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus strain DST103 showing phylogenetic relationships maximum likelihood method with Tamura 3-parameter model with bootstrap value based on 1000 replicates.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
MS/MS Spectra of reference analytes; (A) trimethoprim, (B) fluconazole, (C) ketoconazole, (D) nalidixic acid, (E) rifampicin.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
MRM extracted ion chromatogram of reference analyte: (A) trimethoprim, (B) fluconazole, (C) ketoconazole, (D) nalidixic acid, (E) rifampicin.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Detection of antimicrobial biosynthetic genes in strain DST103 (A) polyketide synthases (PKS) type II; (B) Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); (C) Aminodeoxyisochorismate (phzE) synthase.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree constructed using amino acid sequences based on WAG model for PKS type II gene (A) and NRPS gene (B) and JTT model for phzE gene (C). The scale bar represents the amino acid changes.
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