Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brains of anesthetized rats treated with manganese chloride

Abstract

An understanding of the distribution of manganese ions in the brain is of interest in connection with the development of an understanding of the neurotoxicity of this element. Information about the time dependent biodistribution of manganese ions in the brains of intact rats subsequent to single IP injections of MnCl2 has been obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The enhanced MRI contrast is based on the reduction in the spin lattice relaxation time (T1) of water protons which exchange into the coordination sphere of the manganese ions. These studies indicate rapid and significant accumulations of water accessible manganese in the ventricles, the pineal gland, and the pituitary gland. The rapid appearance of high levels of manganese in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid indicates that manganese readily crosses the filtration barrier of the choroid plexus and is thereafter apparently absorbed by the ependymal surfaces of the ventricles and transported to the subarachnoid space.