Hearing loss in vitiligo: current concepts and review

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence, clinical manifestations, audiometric findings, pathogenesis and approach to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among patients diagnosed with vitiligo with a review of the literature. We present a systematic review of the literature on cases of SNHL in patients diagnosed with vitiligo and studies conducted to investigate audiometric changes in such patients. Data on presentation, diagnosis and medical approach were reviewed. A total of 21 studies and case reports revealed at least 102 cases of SNHL in patients diagnosed with vitiligo. Arguments for a common causative etiology related to melanocyte function were mentioned in most of the literature. Evaluation of hearing function among all patients diagnosed with vitiligo seems to be an accepted approach; it should include audiometry, otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and ABR measurements. Extra precaution to prevent ototoxic or noise-induced hearing loss is strongly recommended. Further research is needed to better understand its pathogenesis.

Keywords: Hearing loss; Melanocytes; Vitiligo.