Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Feb 1:10:47-58.
doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S117371. eCollection 2017.

The influence of parenting on maladaptive cognitive schema: a cross-sectional research on a group of adults

Monica Pellerone  1 , Calogero Iacolino  1 , Giuseppe Mannino  2 , Ivan Formica  3 , Simona Maria Zabbara  1
Affiliations

The influence of parenting on maladaptive cognitive schema: a cross-sectional research on a group of adults

Monica Pellerone et al. Psychol Res Behav Manag. .

Abstract

Background: The literature emphasizes the role of early interpersonal experiences in the development of cognitive vulnerability; in particular, interruptions in early family relationships, parental unavailability and dysfunctional parenting are potential evolutionary precursors to negative cognitive style and emotional disorders.

Materials and methods: This study measured the relationship of retrospective ratings on parental bonding with cognitive patterns in a group of Italian adults. The objectives of this study were as follows: to analyze the influence of age and education level on cognitive domains; to verify whether being parents and living at home with parents affect both parenting style and cognitive domains; to investigate how the type of the maternal and paternal parenting independently affects cognitive styles; to measure the predictive variables for the use of cognitive dysfunctional patterns and to investigate age as a moderating variable of the relation between parenting styles and cognitive domains in a group of adult men and women. The research involved 209 adults (118 males and 91 females) living in Sicily (Italy) aged between 20 and 60 years (M = 37.52; SD = 11.42). The research lasted for 1 year. The instruments used were the Parental Bonding Instrument to measure the perception of parenting during childhood and the Young Schema Questionnaire-3 to investigate cognitive patterns.

Results: Data show that being a younger adult male with mother's parenting style characterized by a lower level of nurturance is predictive of the disconnection and rejection domain, whereas, being a younger adult woman, with a higher level of maternal control is predictive of the impaired limits domain.

Conclusion: This study underlines that because mothers and fathers establish different bonds with their children, care and control by both parents might impact different domains of development.

Keywords: behavioral strategies; emotional responses; maladaptive cognitive domains; parenting.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

References

    1. Beck AT, Freeman A, Pretzer J, et al. Cognitive Therapy of personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 1990.
    1. Pellerone M, Craparo G, Tornabuoni Y. Relationship between parenting and cognitive schemas in a group of male adult offenders. Front Psychol. 2016;7:302. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Craparo G, Gori A, Mazzola E, Petruccelli I, Pellerone M, Rotondo G. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, and alexithymia in an Italian sample of flood victims. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:2281–2284. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Formica I, Barbàra F, Trotta A. The association between alexithymia and impoverishment of dreaming: an empirical research amongst undergraduate students. Mediterr J Clin Psychol. 2013;2(1)
    1. Trotta A, Di Forti M, Mondelli V, et al. Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls. Schizophr Res. 2013;150(1):169–175. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources