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. 2017 Feb 16:7:42635.
doi: 10.1038/srep42635.

ALD5, PAD1, ATF1 and ATF2 facilitate the catabolism of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Peter Temitope Adeboye  1 , Maurizio Bettiga  1 , Lisbeth Olsson  1
Affiliations

ALD5, PAD1, ATF1 and ATF2 facilitate the catabolism of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Peter Temitope Adeboye et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to catabolize phenolic compounds remains to be fully elucidated. Conversion of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid by S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions was previously reported. A conversion pathway was also proposed. In the present study, possible enzymes involved in the reported conversion were investigated. Aldehyde dehydrogenase Ald5, phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase Pad1, and alcohol acetyltransferases Atf1 and Atf2, were hypothesised to be involved. Corresponding genes for the four enzymes were overexpressed in a S. cerevisiae strain named APT_1. The ability of APT_1 to tolerate and convert the three phenolic compounds was tested. APT_1 was also compared to strains B_CALD heterologously expressing coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas, and an ald5Δ strain, all previously reported. APT_1 exhibited the fastest conversion of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Using the intermediates and conversion products of each compound, the catabolic route of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in S. cerevisiae was studied in greater detail.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this work declare that they do have competing interests as the findings of this study are the subject of a patent application.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(i) In vitro analysis of the conversion of coniferyl aldehyde in APT_1 (⚫), B_CALD (■), SC_ald5Δ (▲), and the control strain (▬). (ii) Coniferyl aldehyde conversion activity in APT_1, B_CALD, SC_ald5Δ and the control strain.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(i) In vitro analysis of ferulic acid conversion in APT_1 (●), B_CALD (■), SC_ald5Δ (▲), and the control strain (▬). (ii) Ferulic acid conversion activity in APT_1, B_CALD, SC_ald5Δ and the control strain.
Figure 3
Figure 3. In vitro conversion of isoamyl alcohol by APT_1, B_CALD, SC_ald5Δ, and the control strain.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Conversion of (a) coniferyl aldehyde, (b) ferulic acid and (c) p-coumaric acid in the in APT_1 (●), B_CALD (■), SC_ald5Δ (▲), and the control strain (▬).at 1.1 mM coniferyl aldehyde, 1.8 mM ferulic acid and 9.7 mM p-coumaric acid.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(i) Proposed conversion route of coniferyl aldehyde into other phenolic compounds. (ii) Conversion product profile of coniferyl aldehyde for (a) APT_1, (b) B_CALD, (c) SC_ald5Δ, and (d) the control strain.
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