Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comparative Study
. 2017 Apr;107(4):550-555.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303657. Epub 2017 Feb 16.

Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities With Predicted Absolute Incomes Rather Than Wealth Quintiles: A Comparative Assessment Using Child Stunting Data From National Surveys

Günther Fink  1 , Cesar G Victora  1 , Kenneth Harttgen  1 , Sebastian Vollmer  1 , Luís Paulo Vidaletti  1 , Aluisio J D Barros  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Measuring Socioeconomic Inequalities With Predicted Absolute Incomes Rather Than Wealth Quintiles: A Comparative Assessment Using Child Stunting Data From National Surveys

Günther Fink et al. Am J Public Health. 2017 Apr.

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the predictive power of synthetic absolute income measures with that of asset-based wealth quintiles in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using child stunting as an outcome.

Methods: We pooled data from 239 nationally representative household surveys from LMICs and computed absolute incomes in US dollars based on households' asset rank as well as data on national consumption and inequality levels. We used multivariable regression models to compare the predictive power of the created income measure with the predictive power of existing asset indicator measures.

Results: In cross-country analysis, log absolute income predicted 54.5% of stunting variation observed, compared with 20% of variation explained by wealth quintiles. For within-survey analysis, we also found absolute income gaps to be predictive of the gaps between stunting in the wealthiest and poorest households (P < .001).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that absolute income levels can greatly improve the prediction of stunting levels across and within countries over time, compared with models that rely solely on relative wealth quintiles.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1—
FIGURE 1—
Stunting Prevalence in Malawi, Nigeria, and Namibia, by (a) Wealth Quintile and (b) Household Income: 2013
FIGURE 2—
FIGURE 2—
Within-Country Variation in Stunting Over Time in (a) Zambia (1996–2013) and (b) Zimbabwe (1994–2014)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Filmer D, Pritchett LH. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography. 2001;38(1):115–132. - PubMed
    1. Harttgen K, Vollmer S. Using an asset index to simulate household income. Econ Lett. 2013;121(2):257–262.
    1. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013;382(9890):427–451. - PubMed
    1. World Income Inequality Database (WIID3c) 2015. Available at: https://www.wider.unu.edu/project/wiid-world-income-inequality-database. Accessed June 16, 2016.
    1. World Bank. World Development Indicators online database. 2016. Available at: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development.... Accessed June 16, 2016.

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources