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. 2016 Feb 12;6(4):499-509.
doi: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.4.499. eCollection 2016 Oct-Dec.

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: a new functional test protocol

Gian Nicola Bisciotti  1 , Alessandro Quaglia  2 , Andrea Belli  3 , Giulia Carimati  2 , Piero Volpi  4
Affiliations

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: a new functional test protocol

Gian Nicola Bisciotti et al. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. .

Abstract

Background: In literature, there are lack of studies proposing clear and rationally designed test battery to be performed after an ACL reconstruction.

Methods: From 2006 to 2015, 80 football players were subjected, after ACL reconstruction, to a newly conceived test battery analyzing: Isometric and isokinetic force productionThe different phases during the jumpThe correct control of the landing phase after jumpThe control of valgus during landing after jump and cutting movements.

Results: The isokinetic and isometric test do not show any significant relationship with the another test. The laboratory test as well the field test showed them a significant correlation.

Conclusions: The results showed that a normal force production during the laboratory does not guarantee an equally satisfactory production of force during the field test.

Study design: Case series (Level III).

Keywords: ACL; arthroscopic reconstruction; football; functional evaluation; rehabilitation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
During the IYYT the subject is bound to the equipment via the yo-yo cable which offers a supramaximal resistance making isometric the push movement. Two synchronized force platforms (Thesis System, Globus Italy. Reliability of the measure: 0.5 Kg; error of device: <1%; sample rate 1000 Hz; sample depth 140 bit) record the isometric strength value during the push performed by the subject.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The SPT protocol provides that the subject performs a CMJ (90° knee flexion angle) and stops the landing phase with a knee angle another time equal to 90°. Two synchronized force platforms (Thesis System, Globus Italy. Reliability of the measure: 0.5 Kg; error of device: <1%; sample rate 1000 Hz; sample depth 140 bit) record the force signal during the jump movement.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The negative acceleration peak (MAneg) represents the overstretching capabilities of the extensor muscles. (_ uninjured limb _ injured limb).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The maximum force applied during the negative phase (MFecc) represents the maximum negative strength expressed by the extensor muscles immediately before the inversion of the movement (i.e immediately before the positive phase) (_ uninjured limb _ injured limb).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The MFcon value represents the capacity of storage and reuse of elastic energy by the extensors muscle-tendon unit (_ uninjured limb _ injured limb).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The maximum impact force value during the landing phase (MFimp) highlights the protective mechanisms used by the subject (_ uninjured limb _ injured limb).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Dynamic Q-angle measurement during MTLJT.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Dynamic Q-angle measurement during MSSCT.
Figure 9
Figure 9
IAT and IATm scheme. The test length – i.e the distance between the start point and the stop point – is, in both cases, 10 meters, while the width of the test area is 5 meters.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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